O


|

 

  

 |


  
 O


` Before we begin, let's think about this situation.

When ice melts. There is a change of phase from solid to liquid. The ice
absorbs heat from the surroundings. The heat energy absorbed by the ice
does not cause the increase in temperature. The energy absorbed is not
transferred to the molecules of ice as kinetic energy.
1. When a substance experiences a change of phase, it absorbs heat energy
without a change in temperature. The heat absorbed is known as latent
heat.
2. Heat energy needs to be supplied to change a substance from solid to
liquid phase and from liquid to gaseous phase.
3. When a solid melts, heat is absorbed but the temperature remains
constant.
4. When a a liquid is boiling, heat is also absorbed but the temperature
remains constant.
` è. From the principle of conservation of energy, we can
infer that:
a) latent heat must be given out when a gas condenses to
become a liquid and when the liquid solidifies to the solid
phase.
b) These two processes also occur at constant
temperature.
The four main changes of phase are melting, boiling,
condensation and solidification.
D D D D
  
 O
|

` mpecific latent heat of fusion, L of a substance is the quantity of heat which is

required to change one unit mass of the substance from solid to liquid without any
change of temperature at the melting limit.
Its unit is JKg-1.
This condition occurs at the melting point of the solid.
For example, 336DDDJ of heat is required to change 1Kg of ice at D
.
Therefore the latent heat of fusion, L for ice is 336 DDD JKg-1.
when liquid solidifies, the specific latent heat of fusion will be released.
This condition occurs at the freezing limit of a liquid.
For example, when 1 Kg of water at D
solidifies to become 1 Kg of ice of D
, 336
DDD J of heat are released.
If m Kg of solid or liquid is involved, the quantity, Q of heat absorbed or released is
Q = mL
where Q = quantity of heat that is absorbed or released
m = mass of substance
L = latent heat of fusion
` Below are examples of substance with its specific
latent heat :
Aluminum 3.96x1Dè JKg-1.
`
opper 2.Dèx1Dè JKg-1.
` Iron 2.67x1Dè JKg-1.
` Lead D.23x1Dè JKg-1.
` Brass Unknown
` Magnesium 3.7x1Dè JKg-1.
` Zinc 1.1x1Dè JKg-1.
  
 O





` The specific latent heat of vaporisation, L of a substance

is the heat quantity required to convert one unit mass of
a liquid into water vapour at its boiling limit without any
change in temperature.
Its unit is JKg-1.
If m Kg of liquid or water vapour is involved, the quantity
of heat, Q absorbed or released is
Q = ml
Q = quantity of heat that is absorbed or released.
m = mass of the substance
l = specific latent heat of vaporization
` The list below show the specific latent heat of
vaporization for a few substances

Methylated spirit - 1.12 X 1D3

Ether - 3.7D X 1D2

Mercury - 2.72 X 1D2

Water - 2.26 X 1D6