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Problem ///

Using the concept of supermesh, find the current through 8Ω


resistor in the following circuit:

8A

6Ω 8Ω
4Ω

3A 1Ω
20V

1
Loop and Mesh ///
 Loop is any closed path in the circuit.
 Mesh is a loop which contains no other loop within it.
Loops:
abcea, cdec, 8A
bdcb, abcdea, c
abdea. b d
6Ω 8Ω
Meshes: 4Ω
abcea, cdec,
bdcb. a
3A 1Ω
20V
e
2
Supermesh///
A mesh that shares a common current source with another mesh and
none of which contains a current source in their outer loop, form
supermesh. 6kΩ 3kΩ
a b c
Mesh1: abda
Mesh2: bcdb
1 2
1A
12V
20V
d
Replace the current source with open circuit, then loop abcda will
form supermesh. 3
Why do we apply supermesh///
 For simple mesh analysis, we apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law in every mesh.
 Voltage across a branch, V = IR
 Apply KVL in mesh abda,
 Voltage across bd branch, Vbd = IR = 1A * 0Ω = 0V

Mesh1: abda 6kΩ b 3kΩ c


a
Mesh2: bcdb
It is not possible to
apply KVL in a mesh 1 2
which contains 1A
12V
independent current 20V
source. d
4
Problem ///
Using the concept of supermesh, find the current through 8Ω
resistor in the following circuit:

8A
1 I1
a b
6Ω c 8Ω
4Ω
2 3
e
I2 3A I3 1Ω
20V
d
5
Steps to use supermesh method///
 Determine the number of meshes in the network and assign mesh current
to each independent loop.
 Indicate the polarity of the resistors according to the direction of mesh
currents.
 Apply KCL to the node where the shared current source is connected by
taking account all the currents inside the supermesh.
 Replace the current sources with open circuit and redraw the circuit
indicating supermesh.
 Apply KVL to supermesh and rest of the meshes in the network.
 Solve the systems of linear equation to get the mesh currents.

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Step 1///
 Determine the number of meshes in the network and assign mesh current to
each independent loop.
Mesh1: abca
Mesh2: acdea 8A
1 I1
Mesh3: cbdc
a b
6Ω c 8Ω
4Ω
2 3
e
I2 3A I3 1Ω
20V
d
7
Step 2///
 Indicate the polarity of the resistors according to the direction of
mesh currents.

I 8A
1 I1
+ - - + - +
R a b
- + 6Ω - c + 8Ω -
4Ω
+ 2 3
e +
I2 3A I3 1Ω
20V -
d
8
Step 3///
 Apply KCL to the node where the shared current source is connected by taking
account all the currents inside the supermesh.
8A source
indicates the 8A
1 I1
mesh current I1 - + - +
a b
- + 6Ω - c + 8Ω -
I1 = 8A ----- (i) 4Ω
+ 2 3
e +
I2 3A I3 1Ω
20V -
d
99
Step 3///
Mesh 2 and Mesh 3 will form supermesh in the circuit

Apply KCL at node C:


I2 + 3 = I3 8A
or, I2 - I3 = -3 ------ (ii) 1 I1
- + c - +
a b
- + 6Ω - I2 + 8Ω -
I3
4Ω
+ 2 3A 3
e +
I2 3A I3 1Ω
20V -
d
10
10
Step 4///
 Replace the current sources with open circuit and redraw the circuit
indicating supermesh.

8A
1 I1
- + - +
a b
- + 6Ω - c + 8Ω -
4Ω
Supermesh + 2 3
e +
I2 3A I3 1Ω
20V -
d
11
Step 5///
 Apply KVL to supermesh and rest of the meshes in the network.
20 – 4I2 – 6I2 + 6I1 – 8I3 + 8I1 – I3 = 0

8A
1 I1
- + - +
a
- + 6Ω - c + 8Ω -
4Ω
+ 2 3
e +
I2 3A I3
20V -
d
12
Step 5///

20 – 4I2 – 6I2 + 6I1 – 8I3 + 8I1 – I3 = 0


or, 20 – 10I2 + 14I1 – 9I3 = 0
or, 10I2 + 9I3 = 132 ------(iii)

13
Step 6///
 Solve the systems of linear equation to get the mesh currents.

I1 = 8A ----- (i)
I2 - I3 = -3 ------ (ii) 8A
I1 = 8A
10I2 + 9I3 = 132--(iii)
6Ω 8Ω
I1 = 8A, 4Ω I3 = 8.53A
I2 = 5.53A,
I3 = 8.53 A. I2 3A
1Ω
20V
I8Ω = I3 – I1
= 0.53A 14
Circuit Simulation///

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