How do you

crack an egg?
 How do you
crack an egg?
 How do you
crack an egg?
 How do you
crack an egg?
 How do you
crack an egg?
Approaches
in
Language
Teaching
 10 Flexible
Language Teaching
Approaches Grammar-Translation
Approach
 • Classic way of teaching
Grammar-Translation • Uses the students’ native
Approach language to teach the target
language
• Grammar & vocabulary are
memorizes.
 • Plenty of written examples and
drills are given where grammar
rules are elegantly observed
Grammar-Translation
Approach • Has strong structural
underpinnings & the emphasis
is on the correct use of
grammar, regardless of the
substance or context.
 • The emphasis is on the spoken
language and the development
of oral skills
Direct Approach
• Grammar isn’t taught explicitly

• Activities include pantomime,

word-picture association,
question-answer patterns,
dialogues, & role plays
 • The target language is used
in class
Direct Approach
• Listening & comprehension
become central to this
approach
• No grammar drills or
analysis of written
sentences
 • A very specific approach
designed for a specific type
Reading Approach of language learner
• Do away with pronunciation
and dialogues
 • Learning a language is
employed as a means to a
Reading Approach higher end

• Vocabulary words are

learned in context
 • Also known as the army
Audiolingual method
Approach
• Blossomed in the 50s and
60s
 • Gives higher priority to the
Audiolingual spoken form than the
Approach written form

• Classes are generally held

using the target language
 • Activities like role playing
Audiolingual are dialogues are drilled
Approach into students until they get
the pronunciations and
rhythm sight
• Reinforcements: star, pat,
etc.
 • Seeks to develop
communication skills to
Communicative enable students to
Approach meaningfully engage with
each other.
• Interactive activities are the
hallmark of this approach
 • Authentic materials are
used every so often
Communicative
Approach • Students experience the
target language as
experienced by native
speakers.
 • Proponents believe that
teaching too much can
The Silent Way sometimes get in the way of
Approach learning
• Argument: Students learn
best when they discover
rather than simply
repeating what the teacher
said.
 • Learning the target
The Silent Way language is therefore seen
Approach as a creative, problem-
solving process –an
engaging cognitive
challenge
 • Learning the target
The Silent Way language is therefore seen
Approach as a creative, problem-
solving process –an
engaging cognitive
challenge
 • The class learns as one unit
Community Language
Learning Approach • The role of the teacher is to
be a counselor, a guide, an
encourager.
 • The students learn together
Community Language and negotiate the lesson.
Learning Approach • The role of the teacher is to
encourage them to open
up, participate in the
discussion and contribute to
the whole process.
 • Recognizes language as
purposeful communication
Functional-notional
• We talk because we need to
Approach communicate something
• In essence, we have verbs,
nouns and so on to express
language functions and
notions
Functional-notional • Teaching is always
Approach subsumed by the purpose
for which language is used.
 • It takes its cues from how
first language is naturally
Natural learned by children.
Approach
• This approach gives time
for learners to simply listen
and absorb the language.
 • Listening comprehension is
the priority.
Natural
Approach
• It sees a difference between
“learning” and
“acquisition.”
 • It requires textbooks,
grammar lessons and rote
Natural memory.
Approach
• It sees a difference between
“learning” and
“acquisition.”
 • Gestures, actions and
movements play a vital role
in language acquisition.
Total Physical
• TPR believes that when the
Rersponse students see movement
and when they themselves
move, their brains create
more neural connections
that make for more efficient
language acquisition.
 • Learning should be stress
Total Physical free.
Rersponse
• Pop quizzes and exams are
dropped in exchange for fun
activities.