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AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
SURVEILLANCE - BROADCAST
by
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Presentation outline
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ADS-B – Concept &
Techniques
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ADS-B Definition (ICAO OPLINK Panel)
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ADS - B Concept
Automatic
•No pilot input required
•No interrogation from Ground
Dependent
• The surveillance is dependent upon the data parameters
(position, speed,…) provided by the aircraft system (GNSS)
Surveillance
Broadcast •The Primary intent to perform surrounding traffic
surveillance (Aircraft position, altitude, velocity
-Identity vector, ...)
-Position (every
0.5 seconds)
-Altitude
-Velocity
ADS-B
-Status
Ground Station 5
Air Traffic Control
ADS-B vs Conventional
surveillance means
Primary radar is an independent and non co-
operative means. It does not provide altitude,
identification...
Secondary radar is independent (except for
altitude) and co-operative, but does not detect
non equipped aircraft.
ADS-B is dependent and co-operative.
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ADS-B vs ADS-C
ADS-B:
Message is systematically sent
No designated recipient
ADS-C :
Messages are sent in the context of a contract
Broader coverage
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Airborne architecture – ADS-B Out
Data link
Messages
Baro Emission
generation
Altitude
Pilot input
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Airborne architecture : ADS-B In
Application
Data link
Application ADS-B In
Application
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MAATS
ADS-B ground station
Data-link
1090ES ?
VDL4 ?
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ADS-B data-links
Three data-links are currently available:
Mode S Extended Squitter (1090ES), recognised as
the ADS-B data-link by Eurocontrol, the FAA (for
commercial a/c), Australia but also ICAO for
interoperability purpose.
VDL mode 4 mainly support by North European
states and Russia.
Russia seems to change its mind and recognises
1090ES for commercial a/c and VDL mode 4 for
general aviation.
UAT supported FAA for general aviation.
Extended
SQUITTER MODE S ADS-B MESSAGE 112 BITS
CONTROL PARITY
ADDRESS (56 BITS)
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ADS-B Medium : UAT
UAT selected by FAA Alaska Region for large scale trial
(100-200 installations in Western Alaska)
Three potential bands, suitable for UAT, :
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ADS-B message
• ADS-B message content is described in RTCA: DO-242A
• RFG which standardises package 1 applications will provide an
agreed international standard.
• For the moment, major ADS-B data are:
– Time stamp
– Identification as:
• Call Sign or registration
• ICAO 24-bit address
– Aircraft category
– Aircraft size (length and width)
– Position (from a/c reference point)
> Lat/Long WGS 84
> Barometric altitude
– Velocity Vector (Ground speed, Vertical speed, Heading)
– Emergency messages (medical urgency. Loss of fuel ….)
– Quality Indicator (NIC/NAC/SIL or NUC) 24
Aircraft position quality indicators
• All broadcasting aircraft provides a quality indicator attached to the
position:
– NUC (Navigation Uncertainty Category) or
– NIC (Navigation Integrity Category) /NAC (Navigation Accuracy
Category) /SIL (Surveillance Integrity Limit
Accuracy containment - 95%
• NUC =
– Integrity containment radius or
– Under very rare conditions, Accuracy
containment radius.
• NIC = Integrity containment radius
• NAC = Accuracy containment radius
• SIL = Probability to be outside the Integrity
containment radius, without detection.
Integrity containment
Accuracy : The difference between the estimated and actual aircraft position
Integrity : A measure of the trust which can be placed in the correctness of
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the information supplied by the total system
NUC values
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Bad quality examples
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Good quality example
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ADS-B– Applications
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ADS-B Capabilities
Air-Air
• Improved Separation Standards Air-ground
• Improved Low-Visibility Approaches • Surveillance Coverage in Radar / Non-Radar Airspace
• Enhanced See and Avoid
• Enhanced Operations for En Route
Air-to-Air
Ground-ground Ground-Air
• Improved Navigation on Taxiways • Weather and SSR Traffic to the Cockpit
• Enhanced Controller Management of • Affordable Reduction of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT)
Surface Traffic
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• Ground Applications
– ATC Surveillance ATC in non radar area (ADS-B-NRA);
– ATC Surveillance in En route area (ADS-B-ACC);
– ATC Surveillance in Terminal area (ADS-B-TMA);
• Both have been merged and renamed ADS-B-RAD
– Airport Surface Surveillance (ADS-B-APT);
– Aircraft derived data for ground tools (ADS-B-ADD).
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Standardisation
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• OPLINK :
– "ADS-B Concept of Use"
– Update of PANS-ATM doc. 4444 " Procedures for Air Navigation
services" and doc. 9694 "Manual of Air Traffic Services Data-Link
Applications“
• SASP :
– Main SASP activity regarding ADS-B applications is the definition
of applicable separation standard for en route (5NM) and approach
(3NM?)
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CURRENT ADS-B
CURRENT ADS-B
COVERAGE
COVERAGE
Natuna
Sorong
Makassar/
Jakarta Malino
Merauke
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Kupang
Antenna Installation
NATUNA
SORONG
MAKASSAR
JAKARTA
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Natuna
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System Connection Scheme
Natuna Island Malino Sorong Kupang Merauke
VSAT Links
This scheme depicts the initial layout. As additional ADS-B ground stations
are added, the communications facilities will be expanded accordingly.
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JAKARTA – ADS-B FOR TEST BED
B.Aceh
Tarakan
Galela
G. Sitoli
Biak
Pangkalan
Bun
Palu
Timika
T. Perahu
Alor
Cilacap Saumlaki
Kintamani
Waingapu
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Thank You
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