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Contents
• Introduction
• History of microprocessor
• Evolution
• Uses
• Conclusion
Introduction
A microprocessor is a chip containing some control and logic circuits that
is capable of making arithmetic and logical decisions based on input data
and produces the corresponding arithmetic or logical output.
It is the CPU of the computer which controls the memory, input/output
devices, and overall operation in the computer .
It is the central processing unit built on single chip.
History
The microprocessor revolution began with a bold and innovative approach
in logic design pioneered by Intel engineer Ted Hoff.
In 1969, Intel received a contract from a Japanese company , Busicom, to
design a programming calculator . It was designed successfully with a
general purpose logic device that can be programmed by storing the
necessary patterns of 0s and 1s in memory.
In 1971, Intel released the first 4-bit microprocessor as the 4004.
Evolution
4004 :
It is the first microprocessor of Intel.
It was introduced in 1971.
It was a 4 bit microprocessor.
8008 :
It was first 8 bit microprocessor.
It was introduced in 1972.
Number of transistors used was 3500.
8080 :
Introduced in 1974.
It was also 8 bit microprocessor.
It was 10 times faster than 8008.
No. of transistors used was 6000.
8085 :
It was introduced in 1977.
It was a 8 bit microprocessor .
It had 256 instruction.
8086 :
Introduced in 1978.
It was first 16 bit microprocessor.
It could execute 2.5 million instruction per second.
It could access 1 MB of memory.
It used 29000 transistors.
8088 :
It was Introduced in 1979.
It was also 16 bit microprocessor.
It has 8-bit external data bus.
80286 :
INTEL 80286 Introduced in 1982.
It could execute 4 million instructions per second.
Its clock speed was 8 MHz .
80386 :
Introduced in 1985.
It was first 32 bit microprocessor.
Its addressable memory was 4GB.
80486 :
Introduced in 1989.
It had 1.2 million transistors .
Cache memory was introduced.
Pentium :
It had 3.1 million transistors.
It could execute 110 million instruction per second.
It was originally named 80586.
Pentium pro :
Introduced in 1995.
It had 5.5 million transistors.
It has addressable memory of 64GB.
Pentium 2 :
Introduced in 1997.
It was also 32 bit microprocessor.
L2 cache & processor were on one circuit.
Pentium 3 :
Introduced in 1999.
Its clock speed was 650MHZ.
Pentium 4 :
Introduced in 2000.
It had 42 million transistor.
L1 cache was of 32 KB & L2 cache of 256 KB.
Dual core :
Introduced in 2006.
It was 32 bit or 64 bit microprocessor.
Core 2 duo :
Introduced in 2006.
Core i3 :
1st core i3 processor was launched on Jan 2010.
Uses :
They are also present in modern day cars in the form of microcontrollers.
Cell phones, satellites ,etc
Conclusion
With the manufacture of Latest microprocessors the use and function of it is
increasing in number.
Source :
• Microprocessor Architecture and
Programming by : Ramesh Goankar
• Internet : Evolution of microprocessor
• www.newagepublishers.com
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