DESIGN OF 16 BIT ALU

Prepared by :
• Chandana
• Mamatha
• Praneeth Reddy
 Agenda
• Abstract
• Introduction
• History
• Importance of ALU
• Block Diagram of ALU
• Functions
• Project details
• Verilog code
• Testbench code
• Simulation results
• conclusions
Abstract
• Aim of the project is to design a 16-bit ALU which
accepts two 16-bit binary numbers and displays
results.
• It performs arithmetical , logical and relational
operations.
• ALU is designed by using gates like
AND,OR,NAND,NOR,NOT,XOR and XNOR.
• Verilog code is used for designing and EDA tool is
used for simulation.
 Introduction
• An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major
component of the central processing unit of a
computer system.
• It does all processes related to arithmetic and
logic operations that need to be done on
instruction words.
• In some microprocessor architectures, the ALU is
divided into the arithmetic unit (AU) and the logic
unit (LU).
History
• Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the
ALU concept in 1945.
• The first ALU was introduced in 1948 that operated
on single data bit.
• In some early microprocessors employed a narrow
ALU which performs 32-bit operation in two cycles
with a 16-bit ALU.
• Over time, transistor geometries shrank further and
it became feasible to build wider ALUs on
microprocessors.
 Importance of ALU
• The ALU handles arithmetic and logical
operations, as the name states it.
• The CU, Control Unit, passes the operands
required into the ALU for being processed, which
in turn passes it out to registers in order to be
saved and shown on the screen for the user to
see.
Importance of ALU
Central processing unit

Control unit
Input
Output
Device Arithmetic/logical unit Device

Memory
Memory m unit
unit
Block Diagram of ALU
CARRY
S2 S3

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

LOGICAL OPERATIONS

MUX OUTPUT
SHIFTERS

MULTIPLIER
Arithmetic Operations
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Division
• Multiplication
• Increment
• Decrement
 Logical Operations
• AND
• OR
• NAND
• NOR
• XOR
• XNOR
• NOT
• Some relational Operations
 Project Details
• Verilog code
• Testbench code
• Diagram Of ALU
• Schematic diagram of ALU
• Simulation results
Verilog Code
Verilog Code
Testbench Code
Testbench Code
Testbench Code
Testbench Code
Diagram of ALU
Schematic diagram of ALU
Simulation Results
 Conclusion
• The Arithmetic Logic Unit is an important part
of computer CPU’s. We learned how to produce
different arithmetic operations and logic
functions by using various select singles for a
single circuit.
• The ALU can also be designed using reversible
logic gates instead of conventional gates.
• The reversibility significantly reduces the use
and loss of information bits.
Thank You