http://inspectapedia.

com/vision/Sink_hole_
Detection.php
https://www.earthtech.com/reside
ntial/sinkhole-truth/sinkhole-
warning-signs/
1. Bulging ground appearing at the
base (toe) of a slope or retaining wall.
2. Water breaks through the ground
surface in new location.
3. Fences, retaining walls, utility posts
or trees tilt or move.
4. Cracks appear on slope.
5. Water pipes break.
6. Cracks appear on the ground
or in the foundation of houses,
buildings and other structures.
7. Doors and windows become
stuck or jammed for the first
time.
8. Water appear at the base of the slope.
9. Slowly widening cracks appear on the
ground or on paved areas such as paved
streets, driveways and concreted path
ways.
10. Land movements and debris
downslope.
11. Outside walls, walks or stairs being
pulling away from the building.
SINKHOLE
Read to Learn
◦I. What are sinkholes? Try paraphrasing in your
own words
◦ II. In what type of geologic conditions do
sinkholes occur? What is Karst?
◦III. What are the different types of sinkholes and
what are the major differences regarding the rate
they can occur.
◦IV. What are some man made causes of
sinkholes?
https://water.usgs.gov/edu/sinkhole
s.html
◦I. What are sinkholes? Try paraphrasing in your
own words
◦ II. In what type of geologic conditions do
sinkholes occur? What is Karst?
◦III. What are the different types of sinkholes and
what are the major differences regarding the rate
they can occur.
◦IV. What are some man made causes of
sinkholes?
◦I. What are sinkholes? Try paraphrasing in your
own words
◦ II. In what type of geologic conditions do
sinkholes occur? What is Karst?
◦III. What are the different types of sinkholes and
what are the major differences regarding the rate
they can occur.
◦IV. What are some man made causes of
sinkholes?
Sinkholes
 are depressions or openings in the
ground surface.
They are generally formed as the result
of a collapse in the ceiling of an
underground cavity or cavern.
typically develop slowly, but can also
form suddenly when a collapse occurs.
Sinkholes naturally occur in areas
underlain by soluable carbonate or
evaporite rocks like limestone,
dolomite, gypsum, and salt.
The three types of sinkholes are:
1. Dissolution sinkholes;
2. Cover-subsidence sinkholes;
3. Cover-collapse sinkholes.
Dissolution sinkholes
 occur where there is little soil or
vegetation over the soluble rock.
Aggressive disssolution
occurs where flow is
focused in pre-existing
openings in the rock , such
as along joints, fractures,
and bedding planes, or in
the zone of water – table
fluctuations where the
ground water is in contact
with the atmosphere.
They typically develop
gradually.
Cover-subsidence
sinkholes tend
to develop
gradually where
the covering
sediments are
permeable and
contain sand.
Cover-collapse
sinkholes tend to
develop abruptly and
cause catastrophic
damages.
They occur where
the coverning
sediments contain
significant amounts
of clay.
Karst terrain
 type of topography that is formed by
dissolution of bedrock in areas underlain by
limestone, dolostone or, as in some western
states, gypsum. Such terrain has
underground drainage systems that are
reflected on the surface as sinkholes,
springs, disappearing streams or even caves.
Type of Sinkholes
Resilience
Quiz
◦1. What is sinkhole?
◦2. Give 2 types of
sinkholes and explain each.
3. Give 2 causes of
sinkholes and explain each.