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Here the subjects are presented with an intervention and the intervention is presumed to
cause changes in the group.
The primary goal is to identify whether the intervention had any effect on the outcome.
It is of little value as an experiment, as it is impossible to determine the effect of
intervention without a comparison group.
Here two groups are chosen. One group receives intervention and the other does not.
A post test score is then determined to measure the difference after the intervention,
between the two groups.
As there is no pre-testing, the differences between the two groups prior to the study
are unknown.
NON – EXPERIMENTAL
DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGN
CORRELATIONAL
COMPARATIVE
OTHERS
DESCRIPTIVE
SURVEY
SIMPLE DESCRIPTIVE
STUDY DESIGN
COMPARATIVE
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
CORRELATIONAL
SIMPLE
PREDICTION
COMPARATIVE
EX-POST FACTO
CORRELATIONAL
CAUSAL
COMPARATIVE
1. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY DESIGN
Large scale survey involves the whole country. E.g. Indian Population
Cross – cultural involves 3 to 6 nations. Small size typically involves 1000 per nation.
TYPES OF SURVEY
2. LONGITUDINAL SURVEY: They are used to gather data over a period of time.
It not only examines the present status of the variables but also the
patterns of growth or change as a function of time. It is further
classified as:
Information is collected from subjects over an extended period of time. Data are collected at
several points of time. The researcher may then analyse the changes in the population and attempt
to describe and explain them. The major issues of concern are loss of subjects and difficulty in
tracing the subjects, as the study extends over time.
1. Trend Studies
2. Cohort Studies
3. Panel Studies
TREND STUDIES
TYPES:
1. Simple correlation
2. Prediction correlation
1. SIMPLE CORRELATION STUDIES
2. Multiple regression
1. SIMPLE PREDICTIVE STUDIES
The variables of interest occur in its natural setting and are out
of control of researcher.
It is sub-divided as:
1. BLIND STUDIES
2. Focused exploration
1. Ethnography
2. Phenomenology
3. Grounded Theory
4. Historical Research
5. Narrative Analysis
6. Descriptive Qualitative Studies
7. Secondary Analysis
8. Qualitative Outcome Analysis
1. ETHNOGRAPHY
It is a qualitative inquiry which involves description and interpretation of
cultural behaviour of a group of people. It aims to learn the cultural
behaviour from its member of a cultural group. It provides access to health
beliefs and health practice of a culture and subculture.