Educational Leadership

LEADERSHIP DEFINITION

 GORDON: Leadership could be explained as an interaction process

between an individual and a group or more specifically between
individual and all members that constitute the group. Each member
that involve in interaction process is assumed holding certain
character which distinct from each other. Fundamental distinction is
influential; the leader influences the followers and the followers obey
or agree.

 FULMER: Leadership involves two abilities or strengths to

 a. convince other people to work hard to achieve a goal
 b. help them to achieve the goal

 HOLLANDER: Leadership is a process of influencing one another

between leader and followers. However, leaders have power; the
strength of the influence depends on persuasion rather than
enforcement. Therefore, leadership not only responsible of a leader,
he/she needs cooperation from their followers.
 Conclusion

Leadership is an art or process that

influence human activities in relation
to their task; so that they are willing
to work hard to achieve goal of a
group or an organization.
 LEADERSHIP CONCEPT

 Ohio Research

 Michigan Research

 Teori Path Goal

 OHIO RESEARCH

 Research on factors affects group workers’ effectiveness and

competency .

 Two types leader behaviors:

A. Sympathy (Bertimbang rasa):Sympathy: close, confidence
about workers’ abilities, listen to their view points, pay attention
and consider their workers feeling.

B. Emphasis on task that structured: leader defines his/her

responsibility to structure his/her task, structure his/her
subordinates; supervise group activities; form working timetable
for their workers.

 Effective Leadership is from leader that :

A. Care of their workers’ welfare.
B. Able to plan, execute and control the implementation of an
institution.
 MICHIGAN RESEARCH

 Two dimensions of Leader’s Behavior:

A. Dimension that centered on outcome:

emphasis on high outcome and perceive workers
as a mean to achieve the outcome.

B. Dimension that centered on workers:

menumpukan kepada perasaan pekerja dan cuba
mengadakan suasana penuh percaya dan hormat-
menghormati.
 TEORI PATH GOAL

 House (1971) found group work achievement could be

improved if a leader:
A. Inform his workers what they should do in order to get
reward when they achieve excellence.
B. Could reduce obstacles to high achievement.

 Effective leadership depends on the nature and behavior of

an individual and working environment that :
A. Directive leadership: command is given, without involve
subordinate in decision making.
B. Supportive leadership: friendly and easily be approached to
discuss something and concerns about his subordinates.
C. Participative Leadership: leader that open for suggestions
D. Achievement Oriented Leadership: a leader form challenging
goal for his subordinate
 Continue…

 Leadership that could motivate subordinate:

A. Identify and voice subordinates’ need that controlled by

leader.
B. Increase individual reward in order to achieve goal.
C. Use shortcut to gain this reward through teaching and
guidance.
D. Help subordinate to explain their desireMembantu
kakitangan menjelaskan hasrat-hasrat mereka.
E. Reduce boundaries that disappointing.
F. Increase chances to gain self-satisfaction that based on
achievement.
 STYLE OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP

 Leadership Style: A structured skill

that kept in a leader and it affects his
actions in all situations.

 There are several styles of

educational leadership: Autocratic,
Democratic, Laissez-Faire and
Instructional Leadership
 AUTOCRATIC

 Leader make all decisions without referring to

individual’S ideas or needs
 Characteristics:
A. Regulations and subordinates’/students’ behavior are
controlled by a leader/teacher.
B. A leader/teacher does not trust subordinates’/student’s
ability – one by one, all actions need to be demonstrated
and guided
C. Subordinates/students are always under pressure
. D. Less ability to produce independent subordinate/student
E. Organization bond is weak .
 DEMOCRATIC

 A Leader discusses with his subordinate/students concern

certain things, sometimes subordinate /student’s opinion
was accepted and based in decision making.

 Characteristics:
A. Many decisions are made by a group through discussion
B. Tasks are assigned depending on subordinates’ agreement
C. C. Task could be completed more effective as
a. Subordinate/student enjoys working
b. Subordinate/student can discuss with their
leader/teacher

D. Creativity of subordinate/student meningkat.

E. Organization bond is stronger.
 LAISSEZ-FAIRE

 A lot of autonomy and freedom are given to

subordinate/student to make decision and work
on task according to their interest as not much
supervision is given by a leader/teacher.

 Characteristics:
A. Leader/teacher has less direct involvement.
B. Sub/students are less guided while they carry out their
task and group activities.
C. May be there are sub/students that are not involved or
do not carry out task.
D. Sub/students’ creativity is high if they really carry out
task .
E. Sub/students may carry out activities that are not
relevant to organization’s goal.
F. Organization stability is hard to be achieved.
 INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP

 Leadership that improve teaching quality and learning

system.

 Actions that should be taken by instructional leader:

A. Ensure resources are used effectively. Principal should

ensure the strength and weakness of a teacherMemastikan
penggunaan sumber yang berkesan.
B. Principal should know the effectiveness of a lesson.
C. Ensure good communication between principal and all
teachers.
D. Principal should know current goal that should be achieve
by a school
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP

Explaination
Characteristics

Desire Desire to achieve high level, not easy to give up,

(Kehendak) or initiative and energetic
Urge (Desakan)

Integriti (Lurus) Could be trusted, entrust, tell directly (terus

terang)

Discipline Level High – external and internal feeling

Leadership Desire to influence other people to achieve goal

motivation that they share together
Mempercayai kebolehan diri sendiri
Self-confidence Confidence with self-ability
Continue …

Explaination
Characteristics

Braveness Ready to face challenges, problems, and risks

Cognitive ability Intelligent and able to integrate and interpret a lot of

information
Intelligence Both in knowledge and experience

Creative Having ability to create something unique

Attitude Positive and open

Communication Having ability and good

Flexibility Able to adapt according to followers’ needs and situation

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