Electrical Safety Report

CAMERINO, Gene Gabrielle D.

FRANCISCO, Niel Danhil D.
TREATING A VICTIM OF
ELECTRIC SHOCK
1) Safely remove the victim from contact
with the source of electricity.
CAUTION: Do not touch the electrical
circuit or the victim unless the power is
off or you are insulate.
• Turn off the electricity by means of a
switch or circuit breaker or cut cables
or wires by means of a wood – handled
axe or insulated cutter if available.
CAUTION: This must be done quickly.
After 5 minutes, the chances of saving an
individual will greatly decrease.
• Use a dry stick, rope, leather belt, coal,
blanket or any other non-conductor of
electricity to separate the victim from
the electrical circuit.
CAUTION: Do not take hold of the victim
with your bare hand.
2) Call for assistance
• Others in the area may be more
knowledgeable than you about treating
the victim.
• Another person can call for professional
medical help while you administer first
aid.
3) Check victim’s breathing and heartbeat
CAUTION: Time is life at this point.
• If pulse is detectable, but breathing has
stopped, administer mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation until medical help arrives.
• If heartbeat has stopped, administer
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but only
if you have been trained in the proper
technique
CAUTION: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
can sometimes cause more harm than
good to a victim unless the person
administering the first aid has been
trained in the proper procedure.
• If both heartbeat and breathing have
stopped, alternate between
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, but
again only if you have been trained in
this technique.
4) Administer first aid for shock and burns as
necessary.
• Use blankets or coats to help keep the victim as
warm and comfortable as possible while waiting for
help.
• Raise victim’s legs slightly above head level to help
prevent shock.
• If the victim has suffered burns:
– Cover your mouth and nostrils with gauze or clean
handkerchief to prevent breathing germs on the victim
while treating the burns.
– Wrap burned area firmly with sterile gauze or clean
linen or clean towels.
CAUTION: Do not attempt any other treatment of burns.
5) Always continue treatment but only
within your ability until medical help
arrives.
SELECTING
ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR
Selecting an Electrical Conductor
Right contractor for the job
• If you’re trying to get your home/ school/
office/ workplace’s electrical system inspected
or upgraded w/o getting overcharged and
ensuring electrical safe installation, you may
be interested in these tips on how to select a
qualified electrical contractor.
1. Check the phone book, usually under
“Electric” or “Contractor”, or you may call the
PCAB. Better yet, call the SPECS.
2. Ask where the contractor is located. There are
some out of-area contractors that use the
phonebook to solicit business. Ask for PRC
licenses (PEE/REE/RME) and PCAB licenses
(Specially Electrical Contractor). Ask for company
profile. Phone the company to make sure the are
current.
3. Have more than one electrical contractor give
you an estimate. Beware of non-licensed
electrical practitioners. Most reputable
companies require PRC and PCAB licenses before
they can practice.
4. Ask for local references. You can also
call the IIEE Chapter in your area.
Determine if the contractor is a member
of a national or regional electrical
association. Membership does not
guarantee quality, but ongoing
educational programs keep members up
to date on the latest technological
developments in the electrical industry.
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
OVERCURRENT DEVICES
OVERCURRENT – any current in excess of the
rated capacity of the equipment of the rated
ampacity of the conductor.

CAUSES OF OVERCURRENT:
• Overload of the equipment or conductor
• Short circuit or ground fault

TYPES OF OVERCURRENT DEVICES:

• Fuse
• Circuit Breaker (CB)
FUSE
an overcurrent protective device with a
circuit opening fusible element which
opens (break) when there is an
overcurrent in the circuit.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
• CARTRIDGE FUSE – enclosed in insulating tube
• PLUG FUSE – enclosed in porcelain or rubber
commonly used in various electrical appliances
• FUSE WIRE – opened wire of low melting point
commonly used in the safety power switch
FUSE will hold five times their rating for different
periods of time based on the type of fuse used.
• NON – TIME DELAY FUSE will hold five times its
rating for ¼ to 2 seconds (not ideal to loads which
required not more than 2 seconds to accelerate)
• DUAL – ELEMENT TIME DELAY FUSE will hold five
times its rating for 10 seconds
IMPORTANT RATINGS WHEN
CHOOSING REPLACEMENT FUSES
• VOLTAGE RATING – the rating must match
or exceed the voltage rating of the circuit.
• AMPERAGE RATING – the rating should
match the full load current rating of the
equipment or ampacity of the conductor
as closely as possible.
• INTERRUPT CAPACITY – the total current in
which the fuse can interrupt without being
damage
CIRCUIT BREAKER (CB)
- a mechanical switching device capable of
making, carrying and breaking currents
under normal or abnormal circuit
conditions.

NOTE: The name of the circuit breaker is

taken from the medium or the manner of
extinguishing the arc produced when the
circuit breaker’s contacts opened.
TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• AIR BLAST TYPE CB – uses dry and
compressed air to extinguish the arc
• AIR TYPE CB – interruption occurs in free
air
• OIL TYPE CB – uses a special oil to
extinguish the arc
• GAS TYPE CB – uses SF6 (Sulphur
hexafluoride) gas to extinguish the arc
• VACUUM TYPE CB – uses a vacuum
container
 IMPORTANT RATINGS WHEN
CHOOSING REPLACEMENT CB’S
• RATED VOLTAGE, RATED NORMAL CURRENT – values
used to designate it and which is related to the
operating conditions of the CB
• RATED BREAKING CAPACITY – expressed in MVA as the
product of the rated breaking current in kilo-amperes
and the corresponding rated voltage in kV
• RATED FREQUENCY – frequency of the electrical
system in which the CB is to be connected
• RATED SHORT TIME CURRENT – effective value of
current in which the CB must carry for a stated time.
This requirement is needed since the fault current
which has to be cleared by another CB, may have to
flow through it.
ADVANTAGES OF A FUSE OVER A CB
• It is reliable (it can stay in position for a
long period of time and can act when
needed)
• First cost is cheaper
• It does not require periodic
maintenance
ADVANTAGES OF A CB OVER A FUSE
• It can be used again after the fault has
been corrected
• Its position (open or close) can easily
be detected or viewed
• It can act as a switch
STANDARD AMPERE RATINGS OF
OVERCURRENT DEVICES
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80,
90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225,
250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 600,
1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 25000, 3000,
4000, 5000 and 6000
END OF
REPORT