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Breast Milk
Shannon Black
Colleen Poling
Human Milk Facts
Isotonic Solution
milk and plasma are of similar ion concentration
Designed to protect infants chronic childhood
diseases.
T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils,
macrophages and epithelial cells aid in protection
Casein
Alcohol
Nicotine
Caffeine
Marijuana and other drug abuse
Environmental Exposures
Genes
Alcohol
The alcohol transfers to the breast milk.
If the mother consumes a lot of alcohol the
baby will be directly affected.
Slows let down reflex
Not recommended
Nicotine
The nicotine in the milk is 1.5-3 times
higher than in the blood.
10-20 cigarettes per day=.4-.5 mg of
nicotine/L in blood
No evidence of a health risk to the infant.
Over time the infant could metabolize it in
the liver and emit nicotine into kidneys
Not recommended
Caffeine
A cup of coffee results in only low levels in
the breast milk.
It is ok to drink in moderation
Marijuana and other drug abuse
Marijuana, Amphetamines, cocaine, heroin and
phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP).
Directly affect the infant directly and negatively.
Also very harmful for mother
Harmful because the contents of these substances
are not uniform
Each drug may include different amounts of bacteria,
heavy metals, pesticides.
Environmental Exposures
Not routinely checked for environmental
exposures.
Being exposed to chemicals will most likely
absorb and become part of the breast milk.
Benefits outweigh the exposures.
Avoid eating swordfish, king mackerel, rile fish,
and shark from freshwaters that are contaminated,
(reported by health agencies).
Avoid exposure to paints, non-water based glues,
furniture strippers, nail polish and gas fumes.
Genes
Different variations of Apolipoproteins can
effect the amount of fat absorbed into the
bloodstream and fat metabolism.
These different variants effect the breast
milk composition
ApoA4: variants 347S and 347T (fat
absorption)
ApoE: variant E4 (fat metabolism)
Benefits
Breast fed babies vs. formula fed babies
Positive health affects on mother
Weight loss
Delays menstruation
Lower iron loss
Decreasing risk of breast cancer
Butyric Acid
Cost and convenience
Class Discussion
What are the two forms of human milk?
What form of milk is DHA most prevalent and
what is its function?
What is the main form of CHO in human milk and
what is its function?
What are the two main hormones involved with
human milk production?
What are some effects on human milk
composition?
Summary
Lactogenesis
Macronutrients of Colostrum
Macronutrients of Human Milk
Two major hormones and function
Effects on human milk composition
Benefits of breast feeding
References
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=10194
http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/82/6/1339.pdf
Brown, J. E. (2005). Nutrition Through the
Life Cycle. Belmont, California: Thompson
Learning, Inc..