-SILENT WITNESS-

Fitri Akmalia
Nanda Pinteniateni Arsa
Rina Zulita
Rini Sasqia Putri H

Leader:
Dr. dr. H. Taufik Suryadi, Sp.F(K), Dipl-BE

Bagian/SMF Ilmu Forensik dan Medikolegal

Fakultas KedokteranUniversitas Syiah Kuala
 Introduction
In completing a case, proof can be done based on
Judicia aquae, Judicia ignis , Judicia ovae, and
Judicia Dei.

By the time, searching the evidence can be more

practice and precise.

As the development of science and technology, a proof

of evidence is carried out scientifically.
Definition

Silent witness is a proof of scientific evidence by utilizing

knowledge and advances in technology.

To examine the evidence, the role of expert is needed so that

the evidence “can be related to what happened”.

The knowledge of examining evidence to the interest of

judiciary known as the forensic science
In criminalistic evidence, Locard’s exchange principle said
that when any two objects come into contact, there is
always transference of material between them, so he
formulated the basic principle of forensic science as:
” every contact leaves a trace”

Not only the fingerprints or footprints, but the hair, the

fibers from clothes, the broken glass, the tool mark he
leaves, the paint he scratches, and the blood or semen he
deposits or collects. All of these and more, can bear as
silent witness
Medikolegal Aspect

Based on KUHAP article 184 paragraph 1, the valid

evidence includes :
1. Witness testimony
2. Expert testimony
3. Letter
4. Directions
5. Defendant’s information
Article 27 paragraph 1 KUHAP
• Witness testimony is the information given based
on itself, he saw by himself, and he experienced it
himself by stating the reason for his knowledge.

Article 27 paragraph 1 KUHAP

• Expert testimony is the statement given by
someone who has special expertise about the
things needed to make a litigation of a criminal
case for the purpose of examination.
Article 187 and 188 KUHAP
• Letter and directions use as the proof which is
inform the actions, events, or cimrcumtance
indicating a crime has occured and who is the the
perpetrator.

Article 189 KUHAP

• Defendant’s information is what the defendant said
when he was put on trial on notes.
(Corpus delicti)

Corpus delicti, known as “the body of crime” is a term

referring to the principle that a crime must be proved to
have occured before a person can be convicted of
committing that crime. Corpus delicti is all the fact of a
crime has been actually committed.

All the fact of crime has been comitted known as

physical evidence.

The forensic science which is responsible for examining

many types of physical evidence by analitic means
known as criminalistics.
 However, during collection or inspection may change,
disturb, or damage the evidence and the crime scene.

 So, the thing that matters is “to touch as little as

possible and to displace nothing”. This would avoid
and doesnt add or reduce the evidence.

 Biologic fluids and material may be transferred

between the victim and the crime can prove a
relationship.
 Blood examining

 Blood identifying show how the spatter to the position of

the victim during the case. This can ilustrate the
approximate distance between the floor and the source
of the bleeding and the direction of movemnet of the
source both victim and the perpetrator of the crime.

 Thus, an effort is made to establish a positive

relationship between the specimen and a victim or
suspect.
 Semen examining

 The semen on the victim’s clothing and the

environment around the victim can be easily
examined through various methods, like:
 - Visual
 - Smell
 - Palpation
 - Ultraviolet x-ray
 Pemeriksaan Rambut

 Hair analysis is an important tas of the

criminalist. Every specimen should be
determined the origin’s species. Hair provides
an excellent form of trace evidence.

 Hair as well as fibers may be found when

physical contact between the assailant and the
victim.
Conclusion

 Silent witness is the form of evidence (corpus delicti)

from the victim, the perpetrator, and the scene of the
crime.
 In medicine, the study of all evidence called as forensic
medicine
 The help from doctor’s assistance as an expert can only
be submitted at the level of investigation, additional
investigation, and the level of examination in the trial
court.