Phase II

Designing & Planning

Transportation Network
OVERVIEW
In the last generation designing a suitable transport
network has become a fundamental issue, since the
transport sector charges the environment and the
society of significant burdens. As a consequence,
multimodal freight transportation has received growing
attention. Public Transport (P.T) is very important
means to reduce traffic congestions, to improve urban
environmental conditions and consequently affects
people social lives. Planning, designing and
management of P.T are the key issues for offering a
competitive mode that can compete with the private
transportation.
Literature Review
TNDP is the most important component in Transit
planning, in which the overall cost of the public
transportation system highly depends on it
 Technical feasibility and economic viability of the
project are examined
The most important conclusion is that proper
transportation mode planning enables a flexible global
supply chain
Further conclusions like the quality of stochastic
solutions and solutions of simulating decision makers with
neutral, optimistic and pessimistic attitudes, are proposed
based on the computational results
Research Gap
The main gap that attains focus:
 Green supply chain to minimize a product or service
ecological footprint
 Sustainability issues, such as greenhouse gas
emissions hazardous industrial waste, and
environmental pollution
 Greenhouse gas emissions have been especially
blamed for raising the Earth's temperature. A green
supply chain is expected as a new approach for
reducing waste, minimizing pollution, saving energy,
conserving natural resources, and reducing carbon
emissions
Problem Formulation
 Considering not only environmental and economic
aspects
 Make profit and to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
emitted
 The model consists of two model components; clients and
suppliers
 Model provided a numerical method to determine suitable
prices and delivery times
 Production schedules by using genetic algorithms and
transportation schedules by heuristic rules and the
negotiation processes
Objective
 The implication is that an effective mechanism to
encourage green cooperation along the supply chains
to be developed
 A carbon labeling system of products has been
emphasized to help consumers’ environmental
decisions in the supply chain
 Integrating goals from all three dimensions of
sustainable development, i.e. economic, environmental
and social, which are derived from customer and
stakeholder requirements
 Ensures a low vacancy rate and a high loading rate of
transportation vehicles
Model Formation
 The clients require products and send orders for them
to all the suppliers
 The suppliers generate offers and send them to the
client
 Transporter to make only one delivery, leave at
constant interval, No overloading
Model Formation
Negotiation process between supplier and client:
 A client generates a new order and sends it to all
suppliers when a product is needed
 The suppliers improve the production schedules by
using genetic algorithms (GA) and a heuristic rule
 Supplier generate offers and send it to the client
 Client evaluates the offer
 If offer does not satisfy the delivery time and price,
client relax the order and again send
Model Formation
Possible delivery time :

 The possible delivery time DTFq,p,n of the product is

estimated by allocating the product to a proper
transportation vehicle in ascending order of the slack
time

 KTq,p,n = DTOp,n – CTq,p,n

 Required delivery time, Completion time

Model Formation
Profit of supplier :
 The suppliers can estimate their profits when they
enter into contracts with the client
 The total actual profit TPFq is estimated by using the
following equation
Model Formation
Supplier Profit:
 Suppliers should enter into contracts
 Suppliers should reduce the penalty charges that are
paid to clients due to delays
 Suppliers should eliminate wasteful shipping costs by
increasing the loading ratio of transportation vehicles
Model Formation
Carbon dioxide emissions:
 This applies the improved ton-kilometer method to the
calculation of carbon dioxide emissions in truck
transportation
 The following equation represents the carbon dioxide
emissions in truck transportation
Methodology
Two objective functions are simultaneously considered in
the supply chain model, as shown in the following
equations
 The first objective function represents the minimization
of total weighted tardiness
 The second objective function represents the
minimization of carbon dioxide emitted from
transportation vehicles
Solution
 A Pareto ranking method is applied to the optimization
of production and transportation schedules
 Making a loading pattern whose number of
transportation vehicles is fewer
 Making a loading pattern whose loading ratio is higher
 The production schedule considers the required
delivery times of products but not the transportation
conditions, such as a shipping time and a maximum
loading capacity
 Repeating the process until both schedule match
Results
 Experimental results can be found out by doing
simulation, showed that the suppliers in the simulation
system entered into a large number of contracts with
clients considering the reduction in carbon dioxide
emissions in transportation processes
 The transportation vehicles with the method were able
to transport more products in one delivery than the
ones with the previous method by increasing the
loading ratio and decreasing mileage in transportation
processes
Conclusion
 Based on the initial transportation schedule, an ideal
loading pattern is generated as an efficient
transportation schedule which ensures a low
vacancy ratio and a high loading ratio of
transportation vehicles and the modification
processes of production and transportation
schedules are repeated alternately
 Experiments are carried by using a developed
supply chain simulation system