PROJECT REAL WORLD:

WHICH IS FASTER, GOING UP OR

COMING DOWN??
By Moccia, Ariel, Stephanie, Taryn,
and Giselle
 PROBLEM:
A ball with a mass (m) is projected upward from
Earth’s surface with a positive initial velocity (V0). We
assume the forces acting on the ball are the force of
gravity and a retarding force of air resistances with
direction opposite to the direction of motion and with
magnitude p|v(t)|, where p is a positive constant and
v(t) is the velocity of the ball at time t. In both the
ascent and the descent, the total force acting on the
ball Confusing
is –pv-mg.right? Well this is what we found from this complicated problem
• Air resistance and gravity are both acting upon the ball (not in a vacuum).
• V(t)=velocity
• M=mass
• T=Time
• G=Acceleration due to gravity
• P=Positive constant (air resistance)
• -pv-mg= The total force acting on the ball, ascending and descending
 Part One: Prove that V(t) = (v0 + mg/p)ept/m -mg/p is the
differential equation of mv = -pv-mg
Steps: 7. Find the antiderivative of
*v=dv/dt the integrals now.
1. Separate unlike 8. Isolate the ln(-pv-mg) by
terms, so that dv is multiplying the other side
with v and dt is by the reciprocal of –m/p.
alone. (pt/m)(C) is just another
2. Now we are going to constant, D.
find the integral of 9. There is a rule for ln that
each. says if ln(a)=b, then a= eb.
3. Take out the m. So, -pv-mg= e-pt/m + D.
4. Notice what U is 10. We can separate e-pt/m + D
(the inner function), into e-pt/m  eD. eD is just
and what du/dv is another constant, so we
(the derivative of can call it K. Thus, we get –
the function) pv-mg =Ke-pt/m.
5. Multiply in a ‘-p’ so 11. Now we have to find what
you can use the K, the constant, is equal
substitution to. The time (t) is 0, so we
method, do not to can plug that in, e0 = 1, so
put divide by a -p we have isolated K.
outside of the 12. Plug that back into the
integral. equation where K is.
6. Use the substitution 13. Isolate V, and after you
method now, and can see that V(t)= (V0+
simplify. mg/p)ept/m –mg/p.
 Part Two: Show that the height of the ball, until it hits
the ground is y(t)= (V0 + mg/p) m/p (1 – e-pt/m) –mgt/p
Steps:
1. The derivative of the velocity equation will
give us the height.
2. Find the integral of dy and the integral of
the other side of the equation.
3. The derivative of e-pt/m is e-pt/m/-p/m. This is
the same thing as e-pt/m × (-m/p).
4. Mg/p now become mgt/p, because the
antiderivative of t0 is t1/1.
5. Even though you have Y now, you still have
a constant, so solve for the constant (C).
6. Plug C back into the equation.
7. Take out like terms.
8. Now you have the equation for height.
Part Three: If t1 is the time that the ball takes to reach its maximum
height, show that t1= m/p ln[(mg+pv0)/mg]. Then find the time for a
ball with a mass of 1 kg and an initial velocity of 20 m/s, and with
air resistance being 1/10 of the speed.
Steps:
1. Set the equation of v(t)
equal to zero, because
at the maximum height
the ball stops for a
second (thus the
velocity is zero). This is
so we can solve for t1.
2. Isolate the part that has
t in it, so make sure that
e-pt/m is isolated.
3. Using lna = B, a=eb, we
see –pt/m is equal to ln(
mg/pv0 + mg).
4. Use the rule rloga = 5. V1 = 20 m/s, p = 1/10, m= 1 kg.
Logar to solve for t. 6. Plug in all the given values to
find t1.
Part Four: Let t2 be the time at which the ball falls back to Earth. For
the same ball in Problem 3, estimate t2 by using the graph of the
height function (y). Which is faster, going up or coming down?
Steps:
1. Double t1.
2. If it goes the same speed
going up as it does coming
down, then the time will be
the same. Thus 2t will be
the total time.
3. Plug in 2t (3.71) into the
y(t) equation, and solve for
y. The y will tell you how
far from reaching the
ground the ball is.
 CONCLUSION?
The ball is faster going up
than it is coming down!
Thanks Calculus!!