*Concentration

*Cooperation
*Strategic Alliance
Concentration Cooperation Strategic
Alliance

Concern Cartel Joint

Venture

Holding Syndicate

Trust Consortium

Merger
Association of companies retaining
their legal personality, but giving up
real economic independence for joint
management. Sometimes their
independence may be purely formal.
There are two main types:
*Horizontal
*Vertical
Form of centralization of economic
disposition created in the form of
buying up by one large enterprise or by
a bank of such number of shares of
various other enterprises to ensure
control over them.
Two main types:
*Pure
*Industrial
Trust groups companies that lose
their economic independence
and legal separation. The Trust is
therefore a complete merger of
previously independent
enterprises into one enterprise.
It is the strongest form of business
associations, because after the
merger of the enterprises so-far
independent, they completely lose
their economic and legal
independence.
Three main types of mergers:
*Horizontal
*Vertical
*Conglomerate
The Cartel is an organization of
independent enterprises in legal,
financial and technical terms;
agreement. The cartel agreement
includes companies in the same
industry.
Two main types:
*Horizontal
*Vertical
The syndicate is a kind of a higher
form of the cartel agreement.
Maintaining their production
separateness, companies belonging to
the syndicate usually give up the right
to sell products themselves.
Therefore, a joint sales office for the
syndicate is created, which sells
products produced by enterprises
associated in the syndicate, sets
uniform prices and terms of sale.
Contractual union of completely
independent enterprises set up to
carry out one major operation if it
requires the involvement of a larger
capital that can not be collected by
one enterprise. The tasks that the
consortium has to carry out are
usually clearly defined and, during
and after their implementation, the
consortium is liquidated.
Typical share agreement, resulting in
a third entity. Both partners of this
type of alliance jointly establish a
new company that represents their
relationship and pursues the interests
of both parties. A joint venture is a
kind of strategic relationship in which
two companies or more create a new,
legally independent entity.