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GROUP 7
• CHALIFATUL ASHILAH
• AYUNDA CHOERUNNISA NOER
• ALIFIAH ALFANIAH ALFATTAH PUTRI
• AULIA WULAN
• RISWANDI
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Thermochemistry is the study of the heat change in
chemical reactions.
SYSTEM
System is part of the universe in which the event of
interest occur (chemical reactions)
Surrounding is the rest of universe (outside the
system)
WHAT IS ENERGY?
Energy is usually defined as the capacity to do work or produce heat. The type of energy that
are :
•Kinetic energy—the energy produced by a moving object—is one form of energy that is of
particular interest to chemists.
•Radiant energy, or solar energy, comes from the sun and is Earth’s primary energy source.
•Thermal energy is the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
•Chemical energy is stored within the structural units of chemical substances; its quantity is
determined by the type and arrangement of constituent atoms. When substances participate
in chemical reactions, chemical energy is released, stored, or converted to other forms of
energy.
•Potential energy is energy available by virtue of an object’s position. For instance, because
of its altitude, a rock at the top of a cliff has more potential energy and will make a bigger
splash if it falls into the water below than a similar rock located partway down the cliff.
Chemical energy can be considered a form of potential energy because it is associated with
the relative positions and arrangements of atoms within a given substance.
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
W=F.d
HEAT
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two
objects that are different temperature.
Temperature is a measure of the thermal energy.
900C 400C
The specific heat (s) of a substance is the amount of heat (q) required to raise
the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius.
The heat capacity (C) of a substance is the amount of heat (q) required to raise
the temperature of a given quantity (m) of the substance by one degree
Celsius.
C = ms
q = mst
q = Ct
t = tfinal - tinitial
PROBLEM EXAMPLE
How much heat is given off when an 869 g iron bar cools from
940C to 50C?
s of Fe = 0.444 J/g • 0C
∆E = q + w work done
by the
system
energy
change
Energy is conserved!
heat transfer in heat transfer out
(endothermic), +q (exothermic), -q
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
∆E
∆E == qq ++ w
w
In an exothermic reaction:
The reaction vessel warms.
Heat is evolved.
Energy is subtracted from the system.
q is negative.
ENTHALPY
Enthalpy (H) is used to quantify the heat flow into or out of a system in a
•
process that occurs at constant pressure.
H = H (products) – H (reactants)
H = heat given off or absorbed during a reaction at constant pressure
DH < 0 DH > 0
System absorbs heat
Endothermic
DH > 0
6.01 kJ are absorbed for every 1 mole of ice that melts at 0 0C and 1
atm.
6.3
System gives off heat
Exothermic
H<0
Reaction at Constant V
H = qrxn
H ~ qrxn
No heat enters or leaves!
Constant-Pressure Calorimetry
Reaction at Constant P
H = qrxn
aA + bB cC + dD
H0 = S n H0 (products) - S m H0 (reactants)
rxn f f
2. Add the given rxns so that the result is the desired rxn.