STIs

Definition

• Diverse group of infections caused by multiple microbial pathogens

• Transmitted by either secretions or fluids from mucosal surfaces
• Includes bacterial: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis
• Viral: HPV, genital herpes, HIV, Hep A/B/C/D
• Fungal (eg. Bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in F-F sex)
 Epidemiology and Risk Factors
• High incidence worldwide
• Chlamydia:
Most common bacterial STI in Australia
80% in people 15-29yo
Diagnosis: 37/1,000Aussies/yr
• Gonorrhoea:
Increasing notification rates in Australia.
Diagnosis 7/1,0000 Aussies

• HIV: 1000 diagnosis/yr in Australiaa

– Sexual contact between men: 70% of new cases
– 27000 people in Australia (20500 gay): ~1/1000
– 17% of gay men have HIV
Symptoms / Signs
Physical Examination
Chlamydia Management

Gonorrhoea Management
 Prognosis with and without treatment

• 92% of people treated for chlamydia remain

uninfected at 1-4month check-up with .

Complications for
chlamydia and
gonorrhoea
Chlamydia
 Chlamydia in Australia
HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual Surveillance Report 2015

Figure 109 Chlamydia notification rate per 100 000 population, 2005-2014, by State/Territory
Year

State/Territory 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Australia 202.1 230.1 253.2 274.2 285.1 334.3 362.9 367.8 362.3 370.8
New South Wales 167.7 179.4 187.1 204.4 213.2 260.0 291.7 301.1 290.6 314.4
Queensland 242.3 293.5 325.8 356.5 379.0 431.7 412.8 411.9 419.7 436.9
Victoria 176.8 196.7 212.8 228.2 249.5 290.1 338.6 356.8 338.4 337.8
Western Australia 257.8 288.9 359.8 386.5 377.9 427.9 477.2 466.6 453.9 430.1
South Australia 188.3 215.8 234.3 241.9 246.1 278.3 331.4 318.7 347.1 343.3
Australian Capital Territory 179.9 209.7 232.5 240.3 229.3 268.7 291.6 296.4 298.7 279.0
Northern Territory 681.5 901.4 907.5 914.8 816.6 1016.3 1128.8 1033.4 1108.9 1103.1
Tasmania 192.0 221.0 253.8 321.9 311.4 426.3 380.9 382.5 337.1 384.1

Aboriginal: 1400/100,000
Non-Indig: 390/100,000
 1200
Age standardised rate per 100 000
1000

800 Chlamydia in Australia

600

400

200

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year

Australia New South Wales Queensland Victoria Western Australia

1200
Age standardised rate per 100 000

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year

Australia South Australia Australian Capital Territory Northern Territory Tasmania

Source: Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; ABS Catalogues 3101051-3101058; 3100DO003_2011212
Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea
HIV Epidemiology
HIV