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Cultural evolutionism All cultures undergo the same development stages in the same order. The
main classifications include savagery, barbarism, and civilization.
Diffusionism All societies change as a result of cultural borrowing from one another.
Historicism Each culture is unique and must be studied in its own context.
Functionalism Society is thought to be like a biological organism with all the parts
interconnected. Existing institutional structures of any society are thought
to perform indispensable functions, without which the society could not
continue.