Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 322 – Mechanical Engineering

Thermodynamics

Lecture 17

Unsteady State (Transient) Analysis

 What is a Transient Process?
A transient process occurs whenever the time derivative
related to the system gain (or loss) is not zero ...
 g   g  dE
 
Vi 2 Ve2
Q W  m i  hi   zi   m e  he   ze   G
i  2 gc gc  e  2 gc gc  dt
dmsys
 mi   m e 
i e dt

Emptying
a tank

Filling a
tank

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 322 – Mechanical Engineering
Thermodynamics

Example – Problem 6.61

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 Example – Filling a Tank
Given: Filling a rigid tank with oxygen

T  20C

Use the ideal gas

m1  0 kg model for oxygen
m 2  15 kg properties
Q12

Find: The heat transfer required to fill the tank isothermally

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 T  20C

Example
m1  0 kg
The First Law for the system is, m 2  15 kg

Q12

 g   g  dEG
 
Vi 2 Ve2
Q W  m i  hi   zi   m e  he   ze  
i  2 gc gc  e  2 gc gc  dt

dEG
Q  m i hi 
dt
dEG d dU sys
 U  KE  PE G 
dt dt dt
dU sys
 Q  m i hi 
dt

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 T  20C

Example
m1  0 kg
So far, the following expression for m 2  15 kg

the system has been developed, Q12

dU sys
Q  m i hi 
dt

Some observations ...

• The problem asks for the heat transferred (total energy)
but the First Law has a heat transfer rate
• How do I know what the mass flow rate into the tank is?
Is this a constant value?
• How do I represent the derivative on the RHS?

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 T  20C

Example
m1  0 kg
The mass flow rate in is contained in m 2  15 kg

the conservation of mass, Q12

dmsys
mi  me 
dt

Making this substitution into the First Law,

dmsys dU sys
Q hi 
dt dt
Multiply both sides by dt,
Qdt  hi dmsys  dU sys

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 T  20C

Example
m1  0 kg
This equation can be integrated over m 2  15 kg

the time of the filling process, Q12

 Qdt   
t m2 U2
hi dmsys  dU sys
0 m1 U1

 Qdt  Q
t

12
0

hi dmsys  hi  m 2  m1 

m2

m1


U2
dU sys  U 2  U1  m 2u2  m1u1
U1

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 T  20C

Example
m1  0 kg
Substituting and rearranging, m 2  15 kg

Q12  hi  m 2  m1   m 2u2  m1u1

Q12

Q12  m 2  u2  hi 

The oxygen is being modeled as an ideal gas. Therefore,

hi  ui  Pv
i i  ui  RTi

Substitution into the First Law results in,

Q12  m 2 u2   ui  RTi     Q12  m 2 RTi

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 T  20C

Example
m1  0 kg
Finally, doing the calculations ... m 2  15 kg

Q12

Q12  m 2 RTi

What is Ti? There is a valve between the tank and the line.
However, we know that a valve is isenthalpic. Since enthalpy
is constant and the substance is being modeled as an ideal
gas, the throttling process is also isothermal. Therefore,

 kJ 
Q12   15 kg   0.260   20  273.15  K
 kg-K 
Table C.13b

Q12  1143 kJ  The heat transfer is from the oxygen

(the assumed direction was wrong)

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