Jet Pumps

• The pump converts the energy from the injected

power fluid (water or oil) to pressure that lifts
production fluids. Because there is no moving parts
involved, dirty and gassy fluids present no problem
to the pump.
• The jet pumps can be set at any depth as long as
the suction pressure is sufficient to prevent pump
cavitation problem.
• The disadvantage of hydraulic jet pumps is their
low efficiency (20–30%).
The working principle of a hydraulic jet pump.
It is a dynamic-displacement pump that differs from a hydraulic piston pump in the
manner in which it increases the pressure of the pumped fluid with a jet nozzle. The
power fluid enters the top of the pump from an injection tubing. The power fluid is
then accelerated through the nozzle and mixed with the produced fluid in the throat
of the pump. As the fluids mix, the momentum of the power fluid is partially
transferred to the produced fluid and increases its kinetic energy (velocity head).

Some of the kinetic energy of the mixed stream is converted to static pressure
head in a carefully shaped diffuser section of expanding area. If the static
pressure head is greater than the static column head in the annulus, the fluid
mixture in the annulus is lifted to the surface.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAuBL7f0Jic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiKLiV5E-44
 Selection of Jet Pumps

p1 = power fluid pressure, psia

q1 = power fluid rate, bbl/day
p2 = discharge pressure, psia
q2 = q1 þ q3, total fluid rate in return column, bbl/day
p3 = intake pressure, psia
q3 = intake (produced) fluid rate, bbl/day
Selection of Jet Pumps
Selection of jet pumps is made on the basis of
manufacturer’s literatures where pump performance
charts are usually available. Figure 14.12 presents an
example chart. It shows the effect of M on H and h.
For a given jet pump specified by R value, there
exists a peak efficiency hp. It is good field practice to
attempt to operate the pump at its peak efficiency. If
Mp and Hp are used to denote M and H at the peak
efficiency, respectively, pump parameters should be
designed using
p1 = power fluid pressure, psia
q1 = power fluid rate, bbl/day
p2 = discharge pressure, psia
q2 = q1 + q3, total fluid rate in return column, bbl/day
p3 = intake pressure, psia
q3 = intake (produced) fluid rate, bbl/day
The following procedure can be taken to select a jet pump:
1. Select a desired production rate of reservoir fluid q3 based on well IPR.
Determine the required bottomhole pressure pwf .
2. Design a pump setting depth D and estimate required pump intake
pressure p3 based on pwf and flow gradient below the pump.
3. From manufacturer’s literature, choose a pump with R value and
determine Mp and Hp values for the pump based on pump performance
curves.
4. Calculate power fluid rate q1 by

5. Based on tubing flow performance, calculate the required discharge

pressure p2,r using production rate q2 = q1 + q3.
• This step can be performed with the with the spreadsheet program
HagedornBrownCorrelation.xls.
• Determine the power fluid pressure p1 required to provide power fluid rate
q1 with Eq.
7. Determine the available discharge pressure p2 from the pump with
Eq.

8. If the p2 value is greater than p2,r value with a reasonable safety

factor, the chosen pump is okay to use, and go to Step 9. Otherwise,
go to Step 3 to choose a different pump. If no pump meets the
requirements for the desired production rate q3 and/or lifting
pressure p2,r, go to Step 2 to change pump setting depth or reduce
the value of the desired fluid production rate q3.
9. Calculate the required surface operating pressure ps based on the
values of p1 and q1 and single-phase flow in tubing.
10. Calculate input power requirement by
Hydraulic Piston Pumping
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=disCB-8um7M
Hydraulic piston pumping systems can lift large volumes of liquid from
great depth by pumping wells down to fairly low pressures. Crooked
holes present minimal problems. Both natural gas and electricity can be
used as the power source. They are also applicable to multiple
completions and offshore operations. Their major disadvantages
include power oil systems being fire hazards and costly, power water
treatment problems, and high solids production being troublesome.
Hydraulic Piston Pump (HPP) parts
a hydraulic piston pump (HPP) consists of an engine with a reciprocating piston
driven by a power fluid connected by a short shaft to a piston in the pump end.
HPPs are usually double-acting, that is, fluid is being displaced from the pump on
both the upstroke and the down stroke.
The power fluid is injected down a tubing string from the surface and is either
returned to the surface through another tubing (closed power fluid) or
commingled with the produced fluid in the production string (open power fluid).
Because the pump and engine pistons are directly connected, the volumetric flow
rates in the pump and engine are related through a simple equation (Cholet,
2000):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR5EOahkxw4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCT8M3d9qcI

The progressive cavity pump (PCP) is a positive

displacement pump, using an eccentrically rotating single-
helical rotor, turning inside a stator. The rotor is
usually constructed of a high-strength steel rod, typically
double-chrome plated. The stator is a resilient
elastomer in a double-helical configuration molded inside
a steel casing. A sketch of a PCP system is shown in
Fig. Progressive cavity pumping systems can be used for
lifting heavy oils at a variable flow rate. Solids and free
gas production present minimal problems.