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SCOPE

NUCLEAR DEFEND
History
Enrichment Process
Threat
Types & Characteristics
Effect of Nuc Burst
Delivery
Counter Measure
Protective Technique
HISTORY & NUC EVOLUTION

Democratis (Greek) - Everything made up fm atoms


18 Century - atomic release form heat
19 Century - Atom split cause Radiation
1896 - Uranium- X-Ray (Atom penetrate solid)
1905- Einstein - Energy lockup in atom
1930-Atom Uranium split by Fission
1930-2nd WW A-Bomb Project (Manhattan)
Jul 1945-First experiment atom bomb(New Mexican)
6 Aug 1945 - Little Boy Hiroshima-Uranium (20000 Kill -
12000 in a year later)
9 Aug 1945-Fat Man Nagasaki-Plutonium
1949-USSR test A-Bomb
1953-USA/USSR test H-Bomb
Little Boy - A Bomb Dropped in
Hiroshima
Fat Man - A Bomb Dropped in
Nagasaki
H Bomb - 15 Megaton (Bikini Island)
Tested on 1/3/1954
PROCESS
3.2 in plutonium in Nagasaki Bomb (22 KT)
H Bomb War Head ( 20 MT)
Electrical Shock Chain
Fire Created Reaction

Thermal Fission Energy


Generate Release
Nuclear Threat
 USA vs USSR
 ISRAEL vs IRAN
 PAKISTAN vs INDIA
 USA vs IRAQ
 USA vs NORTH KOREA
 USA vs IRAN
NUCLEAR WEAPON IS A STRATEGIC
WEAPON TO DETER THE ENEMY

Nuclear Country
US, UK, France, Russia, China, Pakistan, India,
Israel, South Africa, Iran and ????????
TYPES &
CHARACTERISTICS
Distinguish Characteristics Nuc Det

• Fire Ball - Formed instant of Det


• Cloud - Mushroom shaped (Radioactive)
• Yeild - Energy Release
• Blast - Last longer than conventional wpn
• Thermal Rad - Effect of heat & Light
• Electromagnetic Pulse - Effect on
Electronic
Types of Burst
• Exo-atmospheric Burst - Height > 30
KM
• Endo-atmospheric Burst - Height >
150 M
• Surface Burst - On Gnd or Water.
• Sub-surface Burst - beneath the
surface.
Energy Distribution

• Heat & Light - 35%


• Blast & Shock - 50%
• Initial Nuc Rad - 5 %
• Residual Nuc Rad - 10%
NUC BURST EFFECT
• Thermal Radiation
• Blast & Shock
• Nuc Radiation
• Electromagnetic Effect
Thermal Rad
• FLASH - Need of eye protection.
• Temporary Flash Blindness
• Permanent Retinal Scarring
• HEAT - Need NBC Protective Clothing.
• Personnel - Skin Burns
• Material - Melt.
• FIRE
• Fire Storm (absence of wind)
• Conflagration (Strong wind-Mass fire join
together)
Thermal Effect

Ser Effect Approx Approx Slant Range heat Receive


(cal/cm (m)
sq) 1 10 20 100 1
KT KT KT KT MT
1. Battledress Char 0.2 350 1100 1300 3000 7500

2. Rubber & Canvas 0.15 400 1250 1450 3300 8500


Burn
3. 3 rd degree Burn 0.08 450 1300 1700 3750 11900

4. 2 nd degree Burn 0.03 700 2200 2400 5900 15100

5. 1 st degree Burn 0.02 1150 3100 3200 8000 21000


Hiroshima Bronze Buddha melt 1600 F
Blast & Shock
• Blast Wave • Shock Wave
• Cause rapid movement • Cause crater
• Speed - 335 m/s • Speed - 6000 m/s
• Pressure - Static • Initial rise in pressure
Overpressure less sharp.
• Effect to Pers • Effect to Pers
• Direct Blast - • Casualities
Bone/Muscle/Tissue
• Indirect - Casualities
due to object or
structure surrounding.
Blast Effect on Men & Material
Ser Nature of Tgt Damage Range fm GZ (yds)
Airburst Surface
1. Bldg Rft Conc Severe 700 900
Moderate 1300 1000
Light 2500 1750
2. Brick Houses Severe 1600 1100
Moderate 2500 1800
Light 3100 2200
3. Light Vehicle Severe 2500 600
Moderate 1300 900
Light 2500 1300
4. Tank Severe 200 400
Moderate 400 450
Light 1800 1300
5. Supplies in wooded Severe 450 400
case Moderate 900 600
Light 1500 800
6. Oil Tank Destroyed 1300 900
Sedan Crater 6/7/1962 110KT Create
600 ft Deep & 1200 ft wide
Nuc Radiation
Initial Rad Residual Rad
• Neutron - emmited due to • Alpha Particle - Range 50
fission product. mm can’t penetrate clothing.

• Gamma Ray - emmited


from fission and Nitrogen in air.
• Beta Particle - Range 3 m,
cause beta burn to skin.Protect
with thick clothing.
• Note:
Effect to Human - Pulse effect.
• Gamma Rad. - Penetrate
everything (only can reduce
intensity).
Rad Effects on Personnel
Ser Dist fm Dose in Mortality Mortality No of Time of
GZ (yds) rad In 4 day In 6 incapacit unfitness
month ated
(24 hr)
1. 180 to 10,000 Most All All -
550 4,000
2. 1100 700 None All Probably -
All
3. 1200 400 None 50% Probably About 3
All Months
4. 1450 200 None 5% About About 3
50% weeks
5. > 1650 < 25 None None None -
Svc man 19 miles fm Nuc Test 31/7/1983 died
11/9/1983 due to cancer
MEANS OF DELIVERY
• Gun
• Free-Flight Rocket
• Guided Missile
• Air Craft
COUNTER MEASURES
ACTIVE PASSIVE
• Locate En Nuclear • Dispersion
Delivery Means • Mobility
• Destruct En Nuclear • Concealment
Delivery Means • Flexibility
• Electronic Counter
measures
PROTECTIVE TECHNIQUES
• Dispersion - base on evaluated factor such
as mission, terrain & en capability.
• Shielding - Underground shelter if possible.
• Radiological Decontamination - By
washing, sandblasting, scraping &
resealing. It does not neutralize or destroy
radioactivity but it dilute to safe level.

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