Creep Test in polymer

Student Name: Shyla Course Coordinator:

Chowdhury Dr. Chanchal Roy
Assistant Professor
Student ID:1018032714
BUET

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

 CONTENT
 What is Creep ?

 Why is creep important ?

 Homologous temperature

 Creep Test Apparatus

 Condition of creep testing.

 Creep Test: General Procedure.

 Classical Creep Curve .

 Creep Stages.

 Effect of Temperature & Stress

 Creep vs. Stress Rupture Test

 Creep in material

Example pic
Example of Constant load
 Creep

• It is a time- dependent deformation under a certain applied load.

• Generally occurs at high temperature (thermal creep), but can also happen at room
temperature in certain materials (e.g. lead or glass), albeit much slower.

• As a result, the material undergoes a time dependent increase in length, which could be
dangerous while in service
 Why is creep important

1. To calculate and understand the steady rate of creep in materials.

2. Creep is important consideration in any application where a component must support

a load at temperatures where Tabs /TMPabs > 0.4. A jet engine is one good example where
a material operates at very high temperatures (about 1100 K, or Kelvin degrees)

3. Determine which type can do the job better ,which is important when making and
designing materials for everyday uses.

4. Engineers calculate to determine the stability of a material and its behavior.

5. Useful for modeling long term applications which are strain limited.
 Homologous temperature
The temperature of a material as a fraction of its melting point temperature using the Kelvin scale:

For example,
The homologous temperature of lead at room temperature (25 °C) is approximately 0.50

(TH = T/Tmp = 298 K/601 K = 0.50).

. The phase diagram for the Pb-Sn alloy system is shown below, and the composition of the solder is identified by
the red vertical line. One of the uses for a phase diagram is to determine the melting temperature of an alloy.
The phase diagram indicates that the 60/40 solder melts at about 183°C = 456 K.
To determine the homologous temperature at room temperature (25°C), the calculation is as follows:(To demonstrate creep behavior at
room temperature, we can use 60/40 solder that contains 60 wt% Sn (tin) and 40 wt% Pb (lead)

Convert room temperature (25°C) to absolute temperature in Kelvins:

Tabs = 25 + 273 = 298 K

Convert the melting temperature of the alloy (183°C) to absolute temperature in Kelvins:

TMPabs = 183 + 273 = 456 K

The ratio of the absolute room temperature (298 K) to the absolute melting temperature of the alloy (456 K) is the
homologous temperature:

Tabs/TMPabs = (298 K) / (456 K) = 0.653

This means that room temperature corresponds to a homologous temperature of Tabs/TMPabs = 0.65 for the 60/40 solder.
Because the solder is at a relatively high fraction of its melting temperature, we expect to observe creep deformation in
solder at room temperature.
Creep Test Apparatus
 INSTRUMENTATION
(a) Lever
(b) Cold Pull Rods
(c) Hot Pull rods
(d) Fulcrum
(e) Columns
f) Grips
(g) Furnace
(h) Top Plate
(i) Base Plate
(j) Dead Weights

Figure 1. Components of creep testing machine (a) Lever (b) Cold pull rods (c) Hot pull
rods (d) Fulcrum (e) Columns (f) Grip for rectangular specimen (g) Grip for circular
specimen (h) Furnace (closed view) (i) Furnace (open view) (j) Top plate (k) Base plate
(front view) (l) Double I beam structure of base plate (m) Dead weights
An extensometer is a device that is used to measure changes in the length of an object.[1] It is useful for
stress-strain measurements and tensile tests
 Condition of creep testing

• Measures strain vs. time at constant Tem and Load (Similar to graph seen
previously).

• Relatively low loads and creep rate.

• Long duration 2000 to 10,000 hours.

• Not always fracture.

 Creep Test: General Procedure

• The unloaded specimen is first heated to the required T and the gage length
is measured.

• The predetermined load is applied quickly without shock.

• Measurement of the extension are observed at frequent interval.

• Average of about 50 readings should be taken.

Vedio

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8Py4-SdjyU
 Classical Creep Curve
• It is the slope of the line in a Creep Strain vs Time curve.

. The rate of deformation is called the creep rate. The slope of a creep curve is the creep
rate dε/dt .

. The graphs are important to determine the better material for a specific application.
 Creep Stages
There are 3 stages of creep:
Primary State Creep :. The initial creep stage where the slope is rising rapidly at first in a short amount of time.
After a certain amount of time has elapsed, the slope will begin to slowly decrease from its initial rise.

Steady State Creep: There is often a stage where the slope of the creep curve remains approximately constant,
like a straight line. This is the period of secondary creep (also called steady state creep). During secondary creep, the internal
structure of the alloy remains approximately constant.

Tertiary State Creep: At the end of secondary creep, the plot begins to curve upward. This signals the onset
of failure for the alloy and is called tertiary (third stage) creep. During this period, small cavities begin to form and grow
inside the alloy. Growth and inter-linkage of these cavities eventually lead to failure of the alloy.
Effect of Temperature & Stress
Creep vs. Stress Rupture Test
References

• Abbaschian, Reed-Hill. “Physical Metallurgy Principles”. 4th edition.

2009

• Dowling, Norman E. Mechanical Behavior of Materials.3rd edition.

2007

• “Larson Miller Parameter”

http://www.twi.co.uk/technicalknowledge/faqs/material-faqs/faq-
what-is-thelarson-miller-parameter/

Creep-testing machine. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia