Commutation of the current in

rectifiers
 3.20 DIODE RECTIFIERS
Current commutation in rectifiers

During the
commutation
i1  i2  I d
di2 di
2U 2 m sin   X a  Xa 1  0
d d
itW1  i1W2  i2W2  0

it  i1  i2
 3.21 DIODE RECTIFIERS
Current commutation in rectifiers
di1
Xa  U 2 m sin    0 i1  0
d
U 2m
i1  (1  cos )
Xa

At the end of the   i1  I d

commutation
 Id X a 
  arccos1  
 U 2m 

1 X a Id m2 X a I d
U 
  U
0
2m sin d 


2
m2 X a
Ud  Ud0  Id
2
 3.22 DIODE RECTIFIERS
Current commutation in single-phase bridge
rectifier
During the commutation
4 diodes are open

from  0 till  
di
U m sin   X a
d
 3.23 DIODE RECTIFIERS
Current commutation in single-phase bridge
rectifier
at   0 i  Id
Um
i (1  cos )  I d
Xa
at   i  Id
2I d X a
1  cos  
Um
2I X
  arccos(1  d a )
Um

1 Um 2I d X a
U 
 U m sin d 
0

(1  cos  ) 

2m2 I d X a
U d  U do 
2
 3.24 DIODE RECTIFIER
Current commutation in three-phase rectifier

diA
 uA  X a  ud  0
d
di
 u B  X a B  ud  0
d
u A  uB
iA  iB  I d ud 
2
 3.25 DIODE RECTIFIER
Current commutation in three-phase rectifier
diB
2Xa  uB  u A  U m 3 sin 
d

U 3
at  0 iB  0 iB  m (1  cos )
2Xa
2I d X a
at   iB  I d   arccos(1  )
3U m


3 u A  uB 3I d X a m2 I d X a
U  
2 0
(uB 
2
)d 
2

2
 NEVADĀMIE TAISNGRIEŽI
Strāvas komutācija trīsfāžu tiltveida taisngriezī

di A di
uC  u A  X a  Xa C  0
d d
uC  u A  U CA sin 

i A  iC  I d
u AB  u BC
di
ud  u B  u A  X a A  0 ud 
d 2
 NEVADĀMIE TAISNGRIEŽI
Strāvas komutācija trīsfāžu tiltveida taisngriezī
di A
2Xa  u A  uC  U CAm sin 
d

U CAm
pie  0 iA  0 iA  (1  cos  )
2X a
pie    iA  I d

2I d X a 2I d X a
  arccos(1  )  arccos(1  )
U CAm U lm

3 u AB  uBC 6 I d X a m2 I d X a
U  
2 0
(u AB 
2
)d 
2

2
 3.26 DIODE RECTIFIER
Substitution scheme of the rectifier
m2 X a
Ud  Ud 0  Id
2
U K*  U 2 N
Xa 
I2N

U 1K U K*  0,05...0,1
U K* 
U1N
CONTROLLED
RECTIFIERS
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

U d  f (UV )
 Ud 0  Ud  Ud 0

Basic element - thyristor

Thyristor – controllable on; off –at zero current through it
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Regulation characteristics U d  f ( )
1. active load (R)


1 Um 1  cos 
U d   U m sin d  (1  cos  )  U d 0
  2
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

2. active-inductive load ( Ld  )

 
1 2U m
Ud 
  U m sin d 

cos   U d 0 cos 
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Three-phase topology
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Three-phase topology

Idle-run value ud of the rectified voltage

5

6 5
3 3 2U f 
Ud 
2 
 U m sin d 
2
( cos ) 
6
6



6

3 2U f 5 
 [ cos(   )  cos(   )] 
2 6 6
3 2 5 5  
 U f [ cos cos   sin sin   cos cos   sin sin  ] 
2 6 6 6 6
3 6
 U f cos   U d 0 cos 
2
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Regulation characteristics
CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
The inverting mode
 CONTROLLED RECITIFIERS
The inverting mode

Rectifying Inverting
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
The inverting mode

 UV
 (1  )
2 U zm
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
The inverting mode

Ed  U d 0 cos  I d ( Rd  RT )

Ed  U d 0 cos 
Id 
Rd  RT

  
2

U d  U d 0 cos  I d RT
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
The inverting mode
 max    iz   iz  tiz tiz  100s
tiz - the time of thyristor off-state
 - the angle of the current commutation
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
The inverting mode

2I d X a
cos   cos(   ) 
U lm

at each , replacing       iz, the

maximum inverting Id can be defined

U lm [cos   cos(  iz )]

I d max i 
2X a
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Power factor of the controlled rectifier

(1)  
(1)    0,5

rectifier inverter
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Power factor of the controlled rectifier

Pd  U d 0 I d cos S  U  I1  U  I d Q  S 2  Pd2
Pd
cos    0,9 cos 
S
for the controlled rectifiers

    cos (1)
 - distortion factor of the form of the current

I1(1) ef
 1
I1ef
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Power factor of the controlled rectifier
The controlled rectifier with by-pass diode

 (1)  0,5

Drawbacks
1) no inverting possible
2) Limited three-phase
application
 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
Power factor of the controlled rectifier
AC REGULATOR

R slodze

R-L slodze

 max  
AC REGULATOR

L
  arctg
R