By

Chaitanya krishna .P
INTRODUCTION

• India is one of the world’s largest consumer of energy

• Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear.
• Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.
• Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW
– Thermal = 95151.74MW
– Nuclear = 4,120MW
– Hydro = 36877.76MW
– RES = 13242.41MW
• Annual power production – 680 billion KWH
INTRODUCTION

A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into

electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts
water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces
mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the
turbine.Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the
generation of Power for any country .
Installed Capacity – 93,392.64MW
 Coal based – 77,458.88MW
 Gas Based – 14,734.01MW
 Oil Based – 1199.75MW
General Layout of Thermal Power Station
Diagram of a typical coal-fired
thermal power station
 Diagram of a typical coal-fired thermal power
station

1. Cooling tower 10. Steam Control valve 19. Superheater

2. Cooling water pump 11. High pressure steam turbine 20. Forced draught (draft) fan
3. transmission line (3-phase) 12. Deaerator 21. Reheater
4. Step-up transformer (3-phase) 13. Feed water heater 22. Combustion air intake
5. Electrical generator (3-phase) 14. Coal conveyor 23. Economiser
6. Low pressure steam turbine 15. Coal hopper 24. Air preheater
7. Condensate pump 16. Coal pulveriser 25. Precipitator
8. Surface condenser 17. Boiler steam drum 26. Induced draught (draft) fan
9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine 18. Bottom ash hopper 27. Flue gas stack
Main Components

• Fuel Handling Unit

• Ash Handling Unit
• Boiler Unit
• Feed Water Unit
• Cooling Water Unit
• Generator Unit
• Turbine Unit
Main Circuit

• Fuel And Ash Circuit

• Air And Gas Circuit
• Feed Water And Steam Circuit
• Cooling Water Circuit
Fuel And Ash Circuit

• Fuel stored and fed to the boiler through conveyor belts.

Broken down into proper shape for complete burning.
• Ash thus generated after burning is removed from the boiler
through ash handling equipment
COAL
COAL STORAGE HANDLING
SYSTEM
BOILER

ASH HANDLING
COAL STORAGE SYSTEM
Air And Gas Circuit

• Air is required for combustion of fuel and is supplied through

fans
• Air is passed through air preheater to extract energy from flue
gases for proper burning of the fuel
• Flue gases have ash and several gases which are passed
through the precipitator(dust collector) and go to atmosphere
through chimney.
Feed Water And Steam Circuit
• Steam Converted to water by condenser.
• Water is demineralized & hence not wasted to have better
economic operation of the plant.
• Some part of steam and water is lost while passing through
different parts.
• Boiler feed pump feeds water into the boiler drum where it is
heated to form steam.
• Wet steam is again heated in super heater before passing
through the turbine
• Steam is expanded in the turbine to run it. After which again it
goes to boiler for reheating
Cooling Water Circuit

• To condensate the steam, large quantity of cooling water is

required which is taken from river or pondage
• After passing through the condenser, it is fed back to the river
or Pondage
Selection Of site

• Availability of cheap land.

• Availability of water.
• Availability of fuel.
• Possibility of future expansion of the plant.
• Away from the urban areas due to pollution.
• The initial cost of plant.
• Magnitude and nature of load to be handled.