NON

COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
(CANCER)
 CANCER
Caused by abnormal cells growing
without control. As these
abnormal cells grow, they form in
masses called tumors. Tumors
can either be
 Benign

 Malignant
Benign – masses of cells that are
not cancerous and do not spread.
Malignant – masses of cells that
are cancerous. They may spread
to other parts of the body by
moving along the blood vessels or
through the lymph system. This
spreading is called metastasis.
BENIGN TUMOR
MALIGNANT TUMOR
 Where it How common How curable it
occurs it is is
1. skin Most common 95% of treated
persons
recovered
2. Colon and Second most About half of
rectum common treated persons
Most in men live for 5 years
but increasingly or longer after
in women treatment
3. Lungs Mostly in men Only about
10% of treated
patient lived
Where it occurs How common it How curable it
is is
4. Breast Most common in About 70% of
women treated females
recovered
5.reproductive Male-prostate More than 60%
Organ gland, testicle of patients
Female-cervix treated
recovered
6. Bone marrow Most common About 85% of
(leukemia and type in children treated patients
lymphoma) lived, rate of
cures improving
for leukemia, rate
for lymphoma is
90%
 WARNING SIGNS OF CANCER
C-hange in bowel or bladder habits
A-sore that does not heal
U-nusual bleeding or discharge
T-hickening or lump in breast or
elsewhere
I-indigestio or difficulty in
swallowing
O-bvious change in wart or mole
N-agging cough or hoarseness
U-nexplained weight loss
P-resistent hoarseness
Cancer maybe diagnosed in
different ways:
• Biopsy- the doctor may take a

piece of tissue
• Curretage- a tissue from within

the body is removed

• X-ray – a quick, painless test that
produces images of the
structures inside your body. For
some types of x-ray tests, a
contrast medium-such as iodine
or barium-is introduced into your
body to provide greater detail on
the images.
Treatment of cancer
• Surgery-this involves removal of

tumor and repair the affected

organ.
• Radiation theraphy or

radiotheraphy- This involves

attacking the cells with x-rays or
with rays or particles from
radioactive substances such as
cobalt-60 or radium.
Drug theraphy-this has become an
increasingly important method of
cancer treatment. Drugs have
been proven effective especially in
treating leukemia and lymphoma.