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PRINCIPLES
SIXTH EDITION
Special-Purpose
Diodes
Chapter 5
-VZ (Volts)
6 4 2 0
20
40
60
VZ -IZ (mA)
80
100
120
140
RS
Power VS
RL
VZ
supply
RL
VTH = V
RS + RL S
RS
Power VS
RL
VZ
supply
Power RL
supply
VZ + 0.7 V
-VZ - 0.7 V
Power RZ
Zener diode
supply
second approximation
VZ
Applying the second approximation
RS
RZ
Power VS
RL
supply
VZ
DVL = IZRZ
The zener regulator also reduces ripple
RS
RZ
Power VR(in)
RL
supply
VZ
Power VS
supply Light-emitting diode
VS - VD
IS =
RS
The typical voltage drop for most LEDs is from 1.5 to 2.5 V.
RS
Power VS
supply Photodiode
Signal V1 V2 Power
source supply
Vout
Tails
Hot-carrier Vin
rectifier
Vout
Less reverse bias
(more capacitance)
Varactor symbol
A varistor diode can be used to protect
line-operated equipment from voltage surges.
RS
Power VS
supply Current-regulator diode
RS can vary over a wide range and the current stays the same.
Other diode types
• Laser: emits coherent light
• Step-recovery: snaps off when reverse
biased
• Back: conducts better when reverse
biased
• Tunnel: has a negative resistance region
Other diode applications
• Laser: CD players, communications
• Step-recovery: Frequency multipliers
• Back: Small-signal rectifiers
• Tunnel: High-frequency oscillators