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CHILLER PLANT
Chiller Energy Path
1. Energy input to
compressor
2. Remove heat of
compression in
condenser
3. Water warmed by
Condenser
Cooled by
Evaporation in
Cooling Tower
4. Water chilled by
expansion
of Freon in
Evaporator
5. Chilled water out to
building
air handling units
6. Expanded Freon
returned to
Compressor 6
ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY FOR CHILLERS
Where there is a combination of water cooled and air cooled Chilled Water Plant,
the minimumkW/RT shall be based on the air conditioning system with a largest
aggregate cooling capacity.
SNI 6390:2011
Tabel 1 − Effisiensi minimum dari peralatan tata udara yang dioperasikan dengan listrik
CATATAN
a) Penilaian efisiensi Chiller harus mengikuti COP minimum pada kondisi beban 100%
b) Efisiensi minimum tersebut diukur pada temperatur udara luar 33°C DB untuk mesin refrigerasi
berpendingin udara (air cooled) dan temperatur air masuk kondensor 30°C untuk mesin refrigerasi
berpendingin air (water cooled)
c) TR = Ton Refrigerasi
The Energy Audit shall be carried out over the normal operating hours for the
various categories of buildings as defined below. The data required to establish the
kW/TR shall be sampled and acquired simultaneously and continuously for a
minimum of one (1) week at one (1) minute interval.
For a perfectly balanced chiller system, the heat balance can be represented by,
• Where hydraulic losses of pumps constitute a substantial heat gain, these losses
could be accounted for. The values shall be determined from motor efficiency and
pump efficiency values provided by the manufacturer. Examples are illustrated as
follows:
Note: In the event where hydraulic losses of pumps constitute substantial heat
gain, Winput/qcondenser may be adjusted to account for these additional heat gains.
The value shall be determined from variable speed drive losses, motor efficiency
and pump efficiency values certified by the manufacturer.
Plant C – Constant Primary & Variable Secondary Chilled-Water System
A: qevaporator = FM1 x Cp x (CHWR – CHWS)
B: qcondenser = FM2 x Cp x (CWR - CWS)
C: Winput = kWi-1 + kWi-2 + kWi-3
Note: In the event where hydraulic losses of pumps constitute a substantial heat gain,
these losses have to be properly accounted for. The value shall be determined from
variable speed drive losses and pump efficiency values certified by the manufacturer.
Chiller Plant efficiency is a matter of SYSTEM design and chiller performances
Secondary Pumps
Typical
load
with
two
Primary Pumps
way
Common Pipe valve
Primary (Constant Flow) / Secondary (Variable Flow)
2 Way Valves
Higher Capital Cost Installed (vs Constant Flow 3W Valve system)
Lower CHW Pumping Energy (vs Constant Flow 3W Valve system)
Well Understood & Easy to Control
Primary/Secondary System at Design
Secondary Pumps
3000 GPM @ 44.0 °F
56.0 °F
44.0 °F
44.0 °F
56.0 °F Typical
Coil
44.0 °F
Primary Pumps
1000 GPM Each No flow
56.0 °F
3000 GPM @ 56.0 °F
Primary/Secondary System at Part Load
44.0 °F
75% System Load
53.0 °F
Secondary Pumps
2250 GPM @ 44.0 °F
53.0 °F
44.0 °F
44.0 °F
53.0 °F Typical
Coil
44.0 °F
Primary Pumps
750 GPM @ 44.0 °F
1000 GPM Each
56.0 °F
Secondary Pumps
1500 GPM @ 44.0 °F
53.0 °F
44.0 °F
44.0 °F
53.0 °F Typical
Coil
44.0 °F
Primary Pumps
500 GPM @ 44.0 °F
1000 GPM Each
56.0 °F
HVAC accounts for a significant portion of the energy use in commercial buildings.
In office buildings, for instance, 60 % to 80% of the electricity consumption is used
to provide HVAC.
The operating parameters of Chiller plant has to be monitored for one day.
The supply chilled water temperature and return chilled water temperature have to be
taken. The chilled water flow and condenser water flow has to be established with the
help flow measurement take near chilled water pumps and condenser water pumps.
Compressor motor input kW
CDW flow rate
Speed Measurement
Manometers
Combustion Analyzer
Infra Red Camera
Digital Pressure & Flow Gage
This non-contact flow measuring device using
Water Flow Meter Doppler effect / Ultra sonic principle. There is a
transmitter and receiver which are positioned on
opposite sides of the pipe. The meter directly gives
the flow. Water and other fluid flows can be easily
measured with this meter.
RECIPROCATING CHILLER
SCREW CHILLER
1. Requires Measuring the Chiller Plant Output in Tons
of Refrigeration
1 Ton = 12,000 BTU/hr
2. Measure Total Chiller Plant Input in kW Including:
■ Chiller
■ Condenser Water Pumps (do not include chilled
water pumps)
■ Tower Fan
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