GSM Handover in ZTE system

- Fahmida Afrin
Content:
Understand the type of handover in ZTE
HO Triggering Condition Cell Level
Handover Cell to cell Level Condition
 Classification by Reason Classification by Synchronization
1. Emergency HO Synchronous handover: source and
– Timing Advance (TA) Emergency HO
– Bad quality (BQ)(UL/DL) Emergency target cell belong the same BTS
HO
– Rx_Level_Drop Emergency HO Asynchronous handover: source and
– Interference(UL/DL) Emergency HO
target cell belong the different BTS
2. Traffic load HO
3. Power Budget (PBGT) HO
4. UL Fast Fading HO
5. Directed shift HO
6. Level(UL/DL) HO.

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 Basic Handover flow

M.R.
preprocessing

Decision of
HO start

Selection of
target cell

Ordering of
target cell
HO failure
penalty
Start of HO Strategy

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 Measurement Report
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and quality.
Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level, downlink receiving
quality of the serving cell and other downlink receiving levels from the
neighbor cells.

Serving cell Neighbour cell

The downlink
measurement report

of the serving cell

The uplink measurement The downlink measurement report

of the neighbour cell (BCCH)
report of MS

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 Period of measurement report

The downlink MR is sent to BTS in SACCH uplink

– The interval is 480ms/per time when MS is on TCH
– The interval is 470ms/per time when MS is on SDCCH

480ms 4 TCH multi-frames

12TCH 1SACCH 12TCH 1 Idle

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 How does BSC process MR
 BSC conducts averaging process of MR(Preprocess report), with slide window mechanism.
 Process the MR reported by BTS according to the values of window size & weight (which are based on the level,
quality and distance)and the value of ZeroAllowed.
 The process result will be applied in P/N process. If the number of values meeting handover judgement threshold
is P out of N the handover is decided to take place.
 From present statistics in ZTE BDCL System found that
95% 4MR Process for Level window and 89% 3 MR for
qual window.
 From network statistics we found that after PBGT HO
criteria major portion are in DL Quality HO more than
30%. From this portion we can optimize qual window
to value 4 where we can minimize and accurate
quality HO.
 If measurement data is the average of the
measurement results of all timeslots, so it is accurate.
If measurement data is the average of the
measurement results of some timeslots, so it is less
accurate.
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 How to select target cells when BSC decides to perform handover.

Only the cells with received signal level satisfy the following conditions can be put into the
candidate cell list.
For serving cell,
AvRX_LEV (o) >RXLEVMIN(o) + MAX(0,Pa(o))
For Neighbor cell,
AvRX_LEV (n) > RXLEVMIN(n)+ MAX(0,Pa(n))+ OFFSET
– Pa(0) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(0) – P
– Pa(n) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) – P
– MS_TXPWR_MAX( ) : The appointed MS transmitting power by the BSS.
– P : Max_Power_of_MS
– Max_Power_of_MS : MS maximum transmitting power

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 Network Level GSM Handover Segregation

 From network level

statistics found that
mostly contributed is
PBGT HO but the
percentage is almost
40%. Second
contributed category is
DL Quality. For
improvement in
network structure
need to improve PBGT
HO % from 40% to
80%

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 Handover Parameter Cell level Threshold for triggering

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 Handover Parameter Cell level Threshold for triggering

 For triggering condition in BDCL

network PBGT criteria is higher than
other criteria.
 Level criteria is the second most
criteria for attempt.
 For reducing quality HO we can also
reduce UL/DL quality HO threshold by
checking cell to cell relation from 5 to
upper.

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 Handover Parameter Cell to cell level Threshold for Handover decision

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 Handover Parameter Cell to cell level Threshold for Handover decision

 From cell to cell relation found that

Quality HO margin level difference
between serving and target within
7dB is much lower.
 To reduce DL signal level HO we can
increase RXLEV margin level. In that
case PBGT HO will also increase.
 Need to balance this parameter by
checking cell to cell relation else in
network level call drop will increase
as RX Lev Drop HO is emergency HO.

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Thank you