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Total population-
82,695,000
Population density
(people/sq km)- 236.7
Source- World Bank (2017)
Income Level and Poverty
Germany is a high income level
country with-
• GNI, PPP (current international
$)- 4274017184829.3
• GNI per capita, PPP (current
international $)- 51680
Plains
Uplands
Mountains
Elevation Extremes:
•Lowest point:
Neuendorf bei Wilster
-3.54 m
•Highest point:
Zugspitze 2,963 m
Administrative
Divisions:
16 states
(Länder)
Largest Wooded Area: The Black Forest
Largest Wooded Area: The Black Forest
Climate
• Moderate
– Northwestern and coastal Germany have
a maritime influenced climate
– inland, the climate is continental, marked by
greater seasonal variations in temperature
– Extremes less in the north than in the south.
– Alpine regions, some areas of the Central German
Uplands: mountain climate. Lower temperature,
greater precipitation.
Climate
“Föhn”:
– occasional condition
– warm tropical air drawn across the Alps,
– loses moisture on the southern slopes of the
mountains
– makes the Alps visible from points where they
normally would be out of sight, and they also are
responsible for the abrupt melting of the snow
Climate
• Weaker low pressure systems can cause
showery weather, and sometimes even
(severe) thunderstorms
Specific regional patterns:
• Northwestern and lowland areas – warm,
moist air from the North Sea’s Westerly
Winds.
• Precipitation diminishes eastward
Climate
Agriculture
High natural fertility, wheat, barley, corn (maize), and
sugar beets are the principal crops.
Chickens, eggs, pigs, and veal calves: concentrated into
large battery units
Calves in a Battery Unit
The best agricultural land: the loess areas of the North
German Plain
Altes Land: Is one of the largest fruit growing areas in
Northern Europe
Around the Cities
Flowers, Fruits and
Vegetables are
grown
Cornflower: National Flower
Forests
• 3/10 of Germany’s total land area is covered
with forest
• Central German Uplands and the Alps- forests
are particularly plentiful
• Conifers predominate
• Spruce popular now – Suitable for buildings,
paper and chipboard
Fishing
• Shrimp and mussels important on the mud flats
fringing the North Sea.
• Fishing began to decline markedly from the 1970s
because of overutilization of traditional fishing
grounds
• Imports
Soil
•Finest around
loess of
northern flank
of the Uplands
•Range from
black to
extremely
fertile brown
soil types
Soil
• The till (ground moraine) of the North German
Plain and Alpine Foreland has heavy but fertile
soil
• Brown soil: covers much of the Central
German Uplands
• The remainder of German soil types range
from sand to loam, from loam to clay, and
from clay to rocky outcrops.
Viticulture in the Southern hill regions flourishes
in an otherwise inhospitable type of soil
Rivers
• Most German rivers follow the general north-
northwestward inclination
• The major exception to the rule is the Danube
– boundary between the Central German Uplands
and the Alpine Foreland.
• The most majestic of the rivers flowing
through Germany is the Rhine
Wildlife
• Varied Wildlife
• Several varieties of deer, quail, and pheasant
• In the Alpine regions, the chamois and ibex
• Their numbers are protected by stringent game laws.
Otter and Wildcat are Among the Rarer Animals of The
Elbe Basin.
Bird Reserves
• Several internationally recognized bird reserves.
• The tidal flats of Lower Saxony (Niedersächsisches
Wattenmeer)
• Schleswig-Holstein along the North Sea coast
• The lakes of the Mecklenburg plains, and
• glacially formed lakes of the North German Plain
• Vital areas for the European migration of ducks,
geese, and waders.
National Bird: The Black Eagle
CULTURE
Culture and historical monuments
❖ Period of 1871: Land of poets and thinkers
❖ Philosophers: Immanuel Kant, Luther,
Nietzsche and Thomas Mann
❖ Authors: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,
Friedrich Schiller and the brothers Grimm
❖ Classical music composers: Johann Sebastian
Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart and Franz Schubert
❖ UNESCO World Heritage and other famous sights:
Regensburg: Historical center Berlin: Museum island
❖ The UNESCO lists 33 German contributions to world heritage: 31 world cultural heritage and 2 natural
heritage which are spread over 15 of the 16 German states
Pole
4%
Russian
Italian
African German
Arab
Romanian
Greek
80%
Others
LANGUAGE
0% 0% 0%
0.9% 1% 0%
0%
3%
9%
German
English
French
Russian
Turkish
Kurdish
9%
8%
7%
6%
64% 6%
Top 5 Import Partners
Partner Share (%)
10%
8%
6%
6%
65% 5%
India-Germany Relations
• India and Germany have a 'Strategic Partnership' since 2001,
which has been further strengthened with the
Intergovernmental Consultations (IGC) at the level of Head of
Governments