ACTIVE

TRANSPORT
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HELLO!
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WHAT IS ACTIVE
TRANSPORT?
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Definition…

▸ Unlike passive transport, cell uses ENERGY

▸ Substance move into the cell against its
concentration gradient
▸ Two categories: Primary Active Transport and
Secondary Active Transport
▸ Three types: membrane pumps, endocytosis,
and exocytosis
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Categories of Active Transport…

Primary Secondary (cotransport)

Directly uses a source Uses electrochemical
of chemical energy gradient as an energy
(ATP) to move source to move
molecules across a molecules against their
membrane against their gradient.
gradient.
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Primary Active Transport…

▸ Sodium-potassium pump is considered an

example of primary active transport. It
maintains correct concentrations of Na and K
in living cells and plays major role in generating
the voltage across the cell mambrane in animal
cells.
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Sodium-potassium Pump

Involves protein
going back and forth
between two forms:
inward-facing forms
with high affinity for
sodium and an
outward-facing form
with high affinity for
potassium.
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Secondary Active Transport…

▸ Secondary active transport uses energy stored

in electrochemical gradients set up by primary
active transport store energy to move other
substances against their own gradient.
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Sodium-potassium Pump

When molecules move

in the same direction,
the protein that
transports them is
called symporter,
while if they move in
opposite directions, the
protein is called
antiporter.
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Three Types of
Active Transport
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Types of Active Transport…

Membrane Pumps
Carrier proteins
that move Vesicle
substances from Movement
lower
concentration to Endocytosis Exocytosis
Brings Pushes
higher
substances substances
concentration into the cell out of the cell
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ENDOCYTOSIS

Process by which cells

ingest external fluid,
macromolecules or other
large particles

Phagocytosis Pinocytosis
Large particles Solutes or
or whole cells fluids
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EXOCYTOSIS

Process by which a
substance is released
from a cell through a
vesicle that transports it
to the cell surface and
fuses with the cell
membrane
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THANKS!