READING

AS A LANGUAGE PROCESS
 “
Reading furnishes the mind
only with material of
knowledge; it is thinking that
makes what we read ours.

John Locke
2
What is READING?
• NOT a subject.
• A Cognitive Process
• A process of extracting meaning
from the printed text.
 A S S E R T I O N
Only half of what people understand of what they
read is attributed to knowledge of vocabulary and
grammar.
The other half involves the following:
• Prior knowledge about the topic being read
• Knowledge genre
• Strategies for identifying textual clues
CEREBRUM
• The largest part of the brain
• It is composed of left and
right hemisphere
• It performs the highest
functions such as
interpreting hearing, touch
and vision as well as speech,
reasoning, fine control of
movement, emotion and
learning.
• It is composed of four
different lobes: Frontal,
Parietal, Temporal and
Occipital.
CEREBELLUM
• It is located just below the
Cerebrum

• It is responsible for muscle

coordination, posture and
balance.
BRAINSTEM
• It is tasked to various
automatic functions such as
heart rate, breathing, body
temperature, wake and
sleeping patterns, digestions
and so on.
• It is connected to midbrain,
medulla and pons.

• It acts as the relay system

the cerebrum and
cerebellum to the spinal
cord.
CORPUS CALLOSUM
• A bundle of fibers that joins
the left and right
hemispheres.
Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere
F R O N T A L L O B E
• Personality
• Cognitive behavior and emotions
• Judgment
• Problem solving
• Speech production (Broca’s area for
speaking and writing)
• Body movement
• Intelligence including self-awareness and
concentration
P A R I E T A L L O B E
• Interpretation of language
• Sense of touch and temperature
• Sensory and memory
• Spatial and visual perception
O C C I P I T A L L O B E
• Interpretation of vision as to color, light and
movement
T E M P O R A L L O B E
• Comprehension (Wernicke’s area)
• Memory
• Hearing
• Organizing and sequencing
 R E A D I N G
It is one of the macro skills in language learning and
development. Generally speaking, the Left
Hemisphere is responsible for language and speech,
and is called the dominant hemisphere for such.
However, the Right Hemisphere plays a major role in
the interpretation of visual stimuli and spatial
processing. In other words, both left and right
hemispheres contribute to the development of
language.
A P H A S I A
 A•PHA•SIA | noun | [uh-fey-zhuh]:

• The partial or total inability to produce and

comprehend speech as a result of brain
damage caused by injury or trauma
• If there is such as case, language production,
comprehension, reading and writing may be
affected
Types of Aphasia

Broca’s Aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Anomic Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Primary Progressive Aphasia
Common Causes

Stroke
Head Injury
Dementia
Certain Infections
 Broca’s Aphasia

• It is also referred to as nonfluent or expressive

aphasia. This type of aphasia can be very
frustrating, as a person with Broca’s aphasia knows
what he or she wants to say, but is unable to
accurately produce the correct word or sentence.
Expressing language in the form of speech and
writing will be severely reduced. The person may be
limited to short “telegraphic” statements, with words
like “is” or “the” left out.
Broca’s Aphasia
 Wernicke’s Aphasia

• Persons diagnosed with Wernicke’s aphasia are

unaware that the words they are producing are
incorrect and nonsensical. He or she may have
severe comprehension difficulties and be unable to
grasp the meaning of spoken words, yet may be
able to produce fluent and connected speech.
Reading and writing are often severely impaired as
well.
Wernicke’s Aphasia
 Anomic Aphasia

• It is the least severe form. Individuals with anomic

aphasia are often unable to supply the correct
words for the things they want to talk about—
objects, people, places, or events. It’s sometimes
described as having a word on the tip of one’s
tongue. He or she usually understands speech well
and is able to read adequately, but writing ability
may be poor.
Anomic Aphasia
 Global Aphasia

• As the name suggests, refers to widespread

impairment. This is the most severe form of aphasia and
usually occurs immediately after a stroke in patients
who have experienced extensive damage to the
brain’s language area. A person with global aphasia
loses almost all language function and has great
difficulty understanding as well as forming words and
sentences. People who are suffering from global
aphasia may only be able to produce a few
recognizable words, understand little or no spoken
speech, and be unable to read or write.
Global Aphasia
 Primary Progressive
Aphasia

• A sub-type of frontotemporal dementia, is a rare

degenerative brain and nervous system disorder that
causes speaking and language skills to decline over
time. A person becoming symptomatic with primary
progressive aphasia may have trouble naming objects
or may misuse word endings, verb tenses,
conjunctions, and pronouns. Unlike actual aphasia,
which is the result of brain damage, primary
progressive aphasia is a progressive type of dementia.
Primary Progressive
Aphasia
 Preventions
Regular exercise
High intake of fresh fruits and vegetables
Quitting smoking
Moderate alcohol intake
Limiting consumption of salt and fats
Maintaining a healthy weight
Treating chronic medical problems, such as type II
diabetes
Treating the symptoms of a stroke
Staying mentally active by reading or writing
The End
To God Be The Glory