Chapter 2

2–6 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

2–7 ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES

Chaerul Qalbi Am | M2019210 | March 13th 2019

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 2–6 THE FIRST LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
Also known as the conservation of energy principle

Exist to provides a sound basis for studying the relationships among the
various forms of energy and energy interactions.

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“Energy can be neither created nor destroyed
during a process, it can only change forms.”
From this law we can note some point

1. We define a property of the system, Total Energy E

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2. The first law make no reference to the value of the

Total Energy E at a state, only the change of it
during the process of a system
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3. Any value can be assigned to total energy at a

specified state to serve as a reference point
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Energy Change of a System
From this law we can note some point Energy can exist in numerous forms such as
internal, kinetic, potential, electric, and magnetic,
2. The first law make no reference to the value of the and their sum constitutes the Total Energy E of a
Total Energy E at a state, only the change of it system
during the process of a system Page 72 Line 17
3. Any value can be assigned to total energy at a
For simple compressible systems, electric,
specified state to serve as a reference point
magnetic, and surface tensions is absent
When the system went to a process, the state of the Thus,
system changes. From the process we can evaluate
Total Energy E at the beginning and at the end of the
process
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Conservation of Energy Principle

The net change in the total energy of the system during a process is equal to the difference between the total energy
entering and the total energy leaving the system during that process
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 Mechanisms of Energy Transfer, Ein and Eout
Forms of Energy Transfer Page 73
1. Heat Transfer, Q
2. Work Transfer, W
3. Mass Flow, m

Then we derivate an equation

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 2–7 ENERGY CONVERSION
EFFICIENCIES

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Efficiency
Indicator of how well an energy conversion or transfer
process is accomplished Page 78 Line 2

• efficiency of a water heater  the ratio of the energy

delivered to the house by hot water to the energy
supplied to the water heater
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• efficiency of a cooking appliance  the ratio of the
useful energy transferred to the food to the energy
consumed by the appliance
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• lighting efficacy  the amount of light output in
lumens per W of electricity consumed.
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Efficiencies of Mechanical and Electrical
Devices
• Mechanical Devices • Electrical Devices
• Pump • Motor
• Turbine • Generator
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Combined or Overall Efficiency Output of the turbine is
input of the generator

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Thank you

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