Mathematical Engineering II

Created By : Group 1
Yohanes Aryanto hadi NRP 2311100148
Wangsit aria k NRP 2316105001
Alfian m reza NRP 2316105009
Laili ellya fauziyah NRP 2316105014
Palguno helyoso NRP 2316105019
 Question
Consider The Process Of Starting The Equilibrium
Still. Still Is Initially Charged With 20 Lbmol Of Feed Stock Of
Compotition Xf = 0,32 Mol Fraction Of Benzene. Feed Is
Suplied At The Rate 10 Lb/Hr, And The Heat Input Is Adjusted
So That The Total Mole Of Liquid In The Still Remain Constant
At 20. It Is Desire To Estimate The Time Required For The
Composition Of Overhead Product YD To Fall To 0,4 Moles
Fraction Of Benzene. Benzene And Toluene May Be Assumed
To Follow Raoult’s Law, And The Relative Volatility Α May Be
Taken As Constan At An Average Value Of 2,48.
Given from the question :
Xf = 0,32 (fraction mole of benzene in feed)
W = 20 Lbmol (mole solution)
F= 10 lbmol/h (rate mole of feed)
Yd = 0,4 (fraction mole of benzene in vapor)
α = 2,48
Find : time to required for the composition of overhead produk Yd 0,4
moles fraction of benzene ?

Over all mass balance :

Solution :

Accumulation = input-output+generation-consumption

Mass Balance :

Total dW dw/dt = 0 (total mole of

 FD0-0 liquid in the still remain
dt
constant)
0  10 lbmol/h - D
D  10 lbmol/h
 Benzene
Accumulation  input - output  generation - consumption
dW
XW .  F . X F - D. YD
dt
dX W
W.  F . X F - D. YD
dt
dX W
20.  10 . 0,32 - 10. YD
dt

dX w
20 .  3,2 - 10.YD .............................. (eq.1)
dt
The system benzene and toluene follows Raoult’s Law. To
calculate mole fraction benzene in vapour can be calculate
from this equation :
Vapor pressure of pure A
PA . X A
YA 
P
Total pressure

(Geankoplis, 641; equation 11.1-4)

• Benzena
PB
YB  . XB
P
P
YB  YD  B . X B
P

• Toluene
PT
YT  . X T
P
• An ideal law, Raoult’s law can be defined for vapor-liquid
phases in equilibrium :
Vapor pressure of pure A
p A  PA . X A (Geankoplis, 640; equation 11.1-1)
• So,
Partial Pressure of A
p B  PB . X B
p T  PT . X T

P  p B  p T  PB . X B  PT . X T  X T  (1 - X B )
Then, P  PB . X B  PT . (1 - X B )

P PT
 XB  (1 - X B ) .............................. (eq.3)
PB PB
• Relative volatility (α) of benzene to toluene can be
formulated as :
YA / X A
α AB  (Geankoplis, 645; equation 11.3-1)
YB / X B

• So,α  YB / X B
BT
YT / X T

• We have : PB PT
YB  . X B and YT  . X T
P P
So,  PB 
 . XB  / XB
 
P
α BT
 PT 
 . X T  / XT
P 
PB
α BT 
PT
1 P
 T .............................. (eq.4)
α BT PB
We have equation :
P P
 X B  T (1 - X B ) .............................. (eq.3)
PB PB
1 PT
 .............................. (eq.4)
α BT PB
Subtitute (eq.4) to (eq.3)

P (1 - X B )
 XB 
PB α BT
PB 1

P X  (1 - X B )
B
α BT
PB 1 α BT
 
P X B . α BT  (1 - X B ) X B . α BT  (1 - X B ) .............................. (eq.5)
α BT
 Substitute (eq.5) to (eq.2)
eq.2
PB
 YD  . XB
P
α BT
 . XB
X B . α BT  (1 - X B )
X B . α BT
YD 
X B (α BT - 1)  1

The relative volatility (α BT ) may be taken at constant at an average value of 2,48.

2,48 . X W 2,48 . X W
So, YD   .............................. (eq.6)
(2,48 - 1) X W  1 1,48 . X W  1
Substitute (eq.6) to (eq.1)
dX w
20 .  3,2 - 10.YD
dt .............................. (eq.1)

dX W  2,48X W 
20  3,2 - 10  
dt  1,48X W  1 
dX W  24,8X W 
20  3,2 -  
dt  1  1,48X W 
dX W 3,2 (1  1,48X W ) - 24,8X W
20 
dt 1  1,48X W
dX W 3,2  4,7X W - 24,8X W
20 
dt 1  1,48X W
dX W 3,2 - 20,1 X W
20 
dt 1  1,48X W
20 dX W (1  1,48X W )  (3,2 - 20,1X W ) dt
 20 dX W (1  1,48X W )
dt 
3,2 - 20,1X W
20 (1,48X W  1)
dt  dX W
3,2 - 20,1X W
20 (1,48X W  1)
 dt   3,2 - 20,1X W dX W Separable ODE Modelling

20 29,6X W
 dt   3,2 - 20,1X W dX W   3,2 - 20,1X W dX W
1 XW
 dt  20 3,2 - 20,1X W dX W  29,6 3,2 - 20,1X W dX W
 1 XW
t  20  dX W  29,6 dX W ...................... (eq.7)
3,2 - 20,1X W 3,2 - 20,1X W

Let : 1
A  20  dX W
3,2 - 20,1 X W
XW
B  29,6  dX W
3,2 - 20,1 X W
 We integrated A ,
1
A  20  dX W
3,2 - 20,1 X W

let : 3,2 - 20,1X W  U

dU
 - 20,1
dX W
dU
dX W  -
20,1
1 dU
A  20 
U - 20,1
20 1 20
 
 20,1 U
du 
 20,1
ln u

20
 ln (3,2 - 20,1X W )
 20,1
We integrated B
XW
B  29,6  dX W
3,2 - 20,1 X W
U 1
 a  bU dU 
b 2
(bU - a ln (a  bU))  c

Let, X W  U ; a  3,2 ; b  - 20,1 X W , so :

XW 1
 3,2 - 20,1 X W 
(-20,1) 2
(-20,1X W - 3,2 ln (3,2  20,1))  k

1
 2
(-20,1X W - 3,2 ln (3,2  20,1X W ))  k
20,1
X 3,2
 W - 2
ln (3,2  20,1X W )  k
- 20,1 20,1
 X 3,2 
B  29,6  W - 2
ln (3,2 - 20,1 X W k
)
 - 20,1 20,1 
So, t 
1 XW
t  20  dX W  29,6  dX W
3,2 - 20,1X W 3,2 - 20,1X W
20  X 3,2 
t ln (3,2 - 20,1X W )  29,6  W - 2
ln (3,2 - 20,1X W k
) .. (eq.8)
- 20,1  - 20,1 20,1 

for : t  0  X W  0,32
20  0,32 3,2 
0 ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32))  29,6   2
ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32) )  k
- 20,1  - 20,1 20,1 
20  0,32 3,2  . (eq.9)
k ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32))  29,6   2
ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32) ) 
20,1  - 20,1 20,1 
 Substitue eq.9 to eq.8
20  0,32 3,2 
t ln (3,2 - 20,1X W )  29,6   2
(ln (3,2 - 20,1X )
W 
- 20,1  - 20,1 20,1 
20  0,32 3,2 
 ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32))  29,6   2
ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32))
20,1  20,1 20,1 
 20 20 
t (ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32))) - (ln (3,2 - 20,1X W )) 
 20,1 20,1 
 29,6 3,2 32 
 20,1 ((-X W - ln (3,2 - 20,1X W )  (0,32  ln (3,2 - 20,1)(0,32)) 
 20,1 20,1 
 20 
t (ln (3,2 - 20,1(0,32)) - (ln (3,2 - 20,1X W )) 
 20,1 
 29,6 3,2 (3,2 - 20,1)(0,32) 
 ((0,32 - X W )  ln )
 20,1 20,1 (3,2 - 20,1X W ) 
  20 (3,2 - 20,1(0,32) )   (0,32 - X W ) 3,2 (3,2 - (20,1)(0,32) ) 
t
 20,1 ln (3,2 - 20,1X )   29,6  20,1  20,12 ln (3,2 - 20,1X )  (eq.10)
 W   W 

2,48X W 2,48X W
given from the problem, that YD   0,4 
1  1,48X W 1  1,48X W
X W  0,21

substitute Xw to equation 10
 20 (3,2 - 20,1(0,32)) 
t ln  
 20,1 (3,2 - 20,1(0,21)) 
 (0,32 - 0,21) 3,2 (3,2 - (20,1)(0,32)) 
29,6   2
ln 
 20,1 20,1 (3,2 - 20,1(0,21) ) 
t  1,581 hr So, the composition of overhead produk Yd =0,4 moles
fraction of benzene when t= 1,581 hr
THANK YOU …