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Minlu Zhang
Outline
LUMO — Ec
Light e- e-
e-
Transparent
substrate ITO HIL HTL EML ETL EIL Cathode
h+
h+ h+
HOMO — Ev
Small molecular OLEDs — Materials
Alq3 PBD
HIL, HTL: p-type materials
NPB, TPD
NPB TPB
EML:
Fluorescent dye
DCM2 DCM2
Phosphorescent dye
PtOEP, Ir(ppy)3
Small molecular OLEDs — Electrodes
Anode:
Indium-tin-oxide (ITO): 4.5-5.1 eV
Au: 5.1 eV
Pt: 5.7 eV
Cathode:
Ca: 2.9 eV
Mg: 3.7 eV
Al: 4.3 eV
Ag: 4.3 eV
Mg : Al alloys
Ca : Al Alloys
Small molecular OLEDs — Device preparation
Substrate Cathode
Vacuum
Electron transport layer
Hole transport layer
Anode
Substrate
Small
molecules Growth:
~10-5-10-7 Torr
Room temperature
Heater
~20 Å- 2000 Å
Polymer OLEDs — Structure and Operation
Cathode Cathode
Emissive polymer Emissive polymer
Anode Conducting polymer
Substrate Anode
Substrate
http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/cpmt/presentations/cpmt0401a.pdf
Polymer OLEDs — Materials
Conducting polymers:
PANI:PSS PANI
PDOT:PSS
PSS
PDOT
Emissive polymers:
R-PPV
PFO
Polymer OLEDs — Fabrication
Spin coating
Ink jet printing Spin coating
Web coating
Substrate
Ink jet printing
Substrate
Why Organic LED?
Vibrant colors
High contrast
Wide viewing angles from all directions
Low power consumption
Low operating voltages
Wide operating temperature range
A thin and lightweight form factor
Cost-effective manufacturability , etc
Applications — Full color OLED display
http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=1473/1481/1491&pq-locale=en_US
Applications — Solid state white lighting
White OLEDs
http://www.universaldisplay.com/white.htm
Challenges
Lifetime
Red >10,000 hrs
Green >10,000 hrs
Blue ~1,000hrs ?
High efficiency ?
Pure color?