Unit 1B: Transmission of Data :

Interface
1. Transmission Mode
2. DTE – DCE Interface
3. EIA 232 (RS 232) - DB25, DB9
4. EIA 449 ( RS423 and RS422) – DB37, DB9

Prepared by - G.Balamurugan MIT

Campus
 Transmission Modes
• The term transmission mode refer to the manner in which data
is sent over the underlying medium
• Transmission modes can be divided into two fundamental
categories:
• Serial — one bit is sent at a time
– Serial transmission is further categorized according to
timing of transmissions
• Parallel — multiple bits are sent at the same time
 Parallel Transmission
• In parallel transmission, all the bits of data are transmitted
simultaneously on separate communication lines.
• Parallel transmission is used for short distance communication.
• In order to transmit n bit , n wires or lines are used.
• More costly.
• Faster than serial transmission.
• Data can be transmitted in less time.
 Serial Transmission
• In serial transmission , the various bits of data are transmitted
serially one after the other.
• It requires only one communication line rather than n lines to
transmit data from sender to receiver.
• Thus all the bits of data are transmitted on single lines in serial
fashion.
• Less costly.
• Long distance transmission.
 A. ASYNCHORONOUS TRANSMISSION

• Asynchronous transmission – timing is unimportant.

• Information is received and translated by agreed patterns.
• In asynchronous transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the
beginning and 1 or more stop bits (Is) at the end of each byte.
• sender and receiver do not have to be synchronized.
• Gap between data units present.
 B. SYNCHORONOUS TRANSMISSION
• The bit stream is combined into longer frames, which may contain
multiple bytes.
• Start and stop bit not used.
• Gap between data units not present.
• Data transmission speed fast.
• Cost high.
• Synchronization between sender and receiver required - The receiver
counts the bits as they arrive and groups them in 8-bit units.
 Parallel Port

Serial Port
 DTE – DCE Interface
• DTE: Source or destination for binary digital data.
• Ex: Computer, Printer , Fax machine
• DCE: Converts signal them into appropriate signal and then
pass it to telecommunication link.
• Ex:MODEM
• DTE – human brain
• DCE - Vocal chord and mouth (Ear)
 EIA-232 Interface
• EIA-232 interface used between a DTE and DCE
• EIA – Electronic Industries Association
• RS232 – Recommended Standard
• Mechanical Specification
• 25 Pin – Length :15meters.
• Cable terminated : male and female connector.
• Male connector – connecting to pin
• Female connector – connecting to a metal tube.
 EIA-232 Interface
• Electrical Specification
• NRZ-L encoding – 0 (+ve) and 1 (-ve)
• Receiver recognizes and accepts as an intentional signal any
voltage falls within the range.
Pin 1, Protective Ground: Shielded cable is
used to reduce interference in high-noise
environments.

Pin 7, Signal Ground: common reference for

all signals.

Pin 2, Transmitted Data

Pin 3, Received Data

Pin 4, Request to Send

Pin 5, Clear to Send
Normally terminals cannot transmit data until
a clear to send transmission is received from the
DCE.

Pin 6, Data Set Ready : used to indicate that

the modem is powered on
Pin 8, Data Carrier Detect: modem
activates the data carrier detect whenever it
receives a signal on the telephone line

Pin 22, Ring Indicator:

The ring indicator signal is the means by
which the DCE informs the DTE that the
phone is ringing.

The DTE tells the modem to answer the phone

by activating pin 20, data terminal ready

Pin 15, Transmit Clock

Pin 17, Receiver Clock
Pin 21, Signal Quality Detector
DB-9 Connector
 Synchronous Full-Duplex Transmission

Preparation of interface

Ready for transmission

Physical connection
between tx and Rx
 Synchronous Full-Duplex Transmission

Data Transmission

Deactivate connection
 Null Modem
Need to connect two DTE in the same building