Faiz Fatihul Putri

Alwan
Pertiwi Tia Oktaviani

Kelas
Dosen Pengampu
6C
IAIN
SNJ Hendri
Handoko,
M.Pd

Matematika

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3 MARET 2019
 The Real Number
Real numbers or real numbers in mathematics are expressed as numbers that can be written in decimal eg
3.57483725297 ... or 47.25667. Realistic numbers, and irrational numbers, real numbers can also be represented as
one point in the number line:
Rational numbers or fractions are numbers
whose members consist of integers, limited
decimal numbers, infinite repetitive decimal
Rational Number numbers, ordinary fractions, and mixed
fractions. Rational numbers are numbers that
can be expressed in the form of a / b with a, b
integers and b ≠ 0
Ex : 1, -2, 2/3

Irrational numbers are numbers

whose members consist of root-

Irrasional Number shaped numbers and infinite non-

repeating decimals. Irrational
numbers cannot be expressed as
divisions of integers.
Ex : √2, π, e, dan lain-lain

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 THE OPERATIONS OF INTERGERS
1 Addition Substraction 2
Addition of Round Numbers for any integer a, b, and
c. apply the addition properties as follows: In general it can be said
• Commutative properties a + b = b + a
• Associative properties (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
01 that reducing a number is
tantamount to adding the
• Element of identity a + 0 = 0 + a = a 0 is called an
number to the opponent.
identity element (neutral) for addition
• inverse of addition a + (-a) = -a + a = 0 -a is called
the inverse of the sum of a, and a is called the inverse
02 a - b = a + (-b)

of the sum of –a.

• Closed nature sum of selale integers produces
integers.
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3 Multiplication Division 4
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multiplication is a recurrent addition. For any integers a, b, and c, the integer
multiplication properties apply as follows: Distribution of integers can be written as
• Commutative nature a x b = b x a
• Associative nature (a x b) x c = a x (b x c) follows:
• Distributive nature of multiplication of addition a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
and (b + c) x a = (b x a) + (c x a) a: b = c if and only if b x c = a With a, b,
• Element of Identity a x 1 = 1 x a number 1 is called an identity element
c integers and b ≠ 0

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 FRACTION (PECAHAN)

Addition Multiplication
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 \ Multiplyingtwo fractions is done by
Definition : 𝑐 + 𝑐 = 𝑐 multiplying the numerator with the
numerator and denominator with the
denominator.

Substraction Division
Distribution is the opposite of
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 𝑎
Generally ( - )= so + = multiplication operations, generally b x
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 (a: b) a. so if a: b = c then b x c = a.

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 EXPONENTS
The Principle am x an =
am+n
Exponents
𝑚
𝑛 am : an =
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑚 an = a x a x a x .. x a
am-n
𝑛

n factors
a as base number (left), from a
(right) as factor
n as exponents identicate many of
1
More (am)n = factors
a-n =
𝑎𝑛 amn

a0 = 1, a ≠ 0
(a.b)m =
ambm
𝑎 𝑎𝑛
(𝑏)n = 𝑏𝑚 ,
7 b≠0
 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
a is called radicand
ROOT OF A REAL NUMBER n as index, identicate the root or
exponen of roots

Definition

b= 𝒏
𝒂 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧 bn = a
The Operation
1. Addition and Substraction

2. Multiplication and Division

Rationalization Of Deminator

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 𝑛 𝑛
If 𝑚
𝑎 , 𝑏 . m = n, a = b is called If 𝑚
𝑎 , 𝑏 . m = n, is called similar.
same name. It’s can addition and It’s can multiplication, and division (
Subcration, multiplication, and Buku pegangan guru kelas X Edisi
division ( Buku pegangan guru kelas Revisi)
X Edisi Revisi)
Example : 2 + 3
Example : 2 + 2 2 2
7 + 6
2 2
3 + 3

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 LOGARITHM The Principle
1. Principle Multiplication Check

Definition alog (b x c) = alog b + alog c

alog b=c 2. Principle Division Check

alog 𝑏 = alog b – alog c

equivalent ac = b, 𝑐

is mean a as base 3. Principle Powers Check

alog bn = n alog b
b as numerus
4. Principle base Change Check
c as result clog b 1
alog b = c
log 𝑎 , log b = blog 𝑎
a

5. alog b x blog c = alog c Check

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3
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CONVERTION ( KONVERSI )

Fractions to
Decimals
Converstion of fraction to decimal from
Decimal can be don’t by step dividing the
numerator

to percent
Kind of fraction konversi desimal ke persen dapat
𝑎 dilakukan dengan mengalikan pecahan
General Fraction : 𝑏
desimal tersebut dengan 100%.
Decimal : marked with commas 3
Contoh: 4 = 0,75 = 0,75 𝑥 100% =
Percent : marked with %
75%

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3
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CONVERTION ( KONVERSI )

Decimal to
Fraction
 Decimal Finited:
2 45
Contoh: 0,2 = : 10 dan 0,45 = :100
Percent to decimal  Infinite repeating decimal
Chage the symbol % to 1/100 then simplify it numbers
Contoh :

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 APPROXIMATION ERROR

Approximation deals with

approximations of real numbers by
rational numbers. Approximation
usually occurs when an exact form
or an exact numerical number is
unknown or difficult to obtain.
And there is 3 parts of this.

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 ROUNDING
We know there are three ways of rounding the measurement results:

Rounding to
Rounding to Rounding to a significant
the nearest a decimal number
unit
a. All numbers other than zero are significant

number Ex : 25.91 has 4 significant numbers.

b. All zeros between numbers other than zero are
a. If the next number is more than or equal to 5, significant.
then this number is missing and the number in The way to round it to the number of decimal Ex : 1,025 has 4 significant numbers
front is added to one. numbers you want, which is how many numbers c. All zeros behind nonzero numbers on integers are
b. If the next number is less than 5, this number is are behind the comma not significant
omitted and the number in front is fixed. Example Ex : 33,000 has 2 significant numbers
Example d. All zeros in front of non-zero numbers in decimals
a. 47,25369 = 47,2537 (rounding to 4 decimal number)
are not significant.
a. 74,5 cm = 75 cm Ex : 0,00251 has 3 significant numbers
b. 47,25369 = 47,254 (rounding to 3 decimal number)
e. All zeros behind non-zero numbers at decimals are
b. 45,49 lt = 45 lt
significant.
Ex : 20,080 has 4 significant numbers
14 f. All zeros in numbers given special marks (strips or
bars) are significant
Ex : 50 has 3 significant numbers
 ERROR

Salah Relatif Persentase

Salahh relatif (nisbi) =
𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑘
ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛 Kesalahan
Percentage Error = relative error x 100%

Salah Mutlak Toleransi

Absolute False is the maximum error that might occur.
absolute error = 1/2 x the smallest unit of
measurement
The upper limit = measurement result + absolute error
Lower limit = measurement results - wrong
Tolerance in measurement is the
difference between spread
measurements that can be received
and the smallest measurements that
can be accepted.

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 MEASURING ( PENGUKURAN)

Pengurangan Hasil Pengukuran

Substraction Of Measurement Results

Maximum Diferent = BA Maksimum – BA Minimum

Minimum Diferent = BB Maksimum – BB Minimum

Penjumlahan Hasil Perkalian Hasil-Hasil Pengkuran

Pengukuran Multiplication Of Meusurement Results
Addition of measurement results Maximum = BA Pengukuran I x BA Pengukuran II
Maksimum = BA pengukuran I + BA Pengukuran II Minimum = BB pengukuran I x BB Pengukuran II
Minimum = BB Pengukuran I + BB Pengukuran II

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THANK YOU !
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