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Nuclear Power

Julia,Mina,Zeliha
Where to generate
nuclear power?
• Large amounts of water needed for cooling-from 95,000 to 227,000 litres
per MWh of power
• Thus, they’re built on the shores of lakes, rivers, and oceans because these
bodies provide the large quantities of cooling water.
• 31 countries (Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia.)
• The US is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the
largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power.
Photos of some nuclear
power plants
Photos of some nuclear
power plants
Photos of some nuclear power plants
How nuclear power
plants work?
• Splitting of the uranium atoms- fission

• Nuclear chain reaction

• Energy produced heats up water, which then drives


turbines

• 2 types of nuclear power plant:

• Boiling water reactor-heats up the water in the


reactor until it boils into steam and spins the
turbine.

• Pressurized water reactor


Case Studies
Low Income Countries

• In general, there are no Low income countries


• North Korea is currently working on a light-water reactor plant in
Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center which would replace
the gas-cooled reactor closed in 1994
• The developments continue despite the international efforts to
enforce denuclearization of North Korea
Lower Middle Income
Countries
• Nuclear Power in China
• (Updated March 2019)
• Mainland China has about 45 nuclear power reactors in operation, about 15 under construction, and
more about to start construction.
• The government's long-term target, as outlined in its Energy Development Strategy Action Plan 2014-
2020, is for 58 GWe capacity by 2020, with 30 GWe more under construction.
• The impetus for nuclear power in China is increasingly due to air pollution from coal-fired plants.
• China’s policy is to have a closed nuclear fuel cycle.
• China has become largely self-sufficient in reactor design and construction, as well as other aspects of
the fuel cycle, but is making full use of western technology while adapting and improving it.
• Relative to the rest of the world, a major strength is the nuclear supply chain.
• China’s policy is to ‘go global’ with exporting nuclear technology including heavy components in the
supply chain.
• Safety- Evidence that suggest leukemia and genetic defects
associated with nuclear facilities. Impact on health uncertain
• Security- For cost and technical reasons nuclear plants must run
continuously to supply base load electricity. Foreign sources of
uranium. Attractive targets, vulnerable to terrorist attacks
• Economics- high cost (3 times more than a fossil fuel plant); long
lead times(10 years)and operating periods(60 years)->risk to
Drawbacks & private capital. Cost of decommissioning and waste management
difficult to calculate

Criticism • Environment- low carbon, not carbon free. The nuclear energy
cycle involves mining, milling, fuel enrichment and fabrication->
all energy requiring processes, energy comes from high carbon
sources. Rising concerns about uranium mining.
• Radioactive waste- Major source of opposition. Long term
storage- risk to present and future generations. Containment
systems may fail in distant future
• Public acceptability-public opinion varies
Evaluation of suitability for future mass use

Pros Cons
• Low green house emission • History of Nuclear accidents
• High energy output • Back-end Environmental Impact
• Inexpensive electricity • High Up-Front and End Stage Cost
• No reliance on fossil fuels (energy security) • Target for Terrorism
• Benefits to economy • Not a Renewable Fuel Source
Bibliography
•https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photos-nuclear-fission-
illustration-white-background-image35501453
•https://www.nei.org/fundamentals/how-a-nuclear-reactor-works
•https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-power-plant/

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