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FATMALA RATIH
SETIANI
1613022056
1613022010
1613022002
1613022042 1613022022
MURNI
AMELIA YUNI URSELLA
SAPUTRI OKTARIANI
P e r i o d i c Ta b l e
2
Oktaf
03
Antonie 01 Newlands
05 Mendeleev
Lavoiser
04 Lothar
Triade Periodic table
02 Meyer
Dobereiner 06 of modern
elements
H i s t o r y o f Pe r io d ic Ta b l e
3
Antonie Lavoiser
.
Triade Dobereiner
6,94 LiA
Triaade’s Law
22,99 Na
39,10 K
5
Oktaf Newlands
I n 1 8 6 3 , J . W N e w l a n d s l i s t e d e l e m e n t s b a s e d
o n t h e i n c r e a s e i n a t o m i c m a s s
Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si
H Li Be B C N O
F Na Mg Al Si P S
Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe
Co dan Ni Cu Zn Y Ln As Se
Pd Ag Cd U Sn Sb Te
I Cs Ba/V Ta W Nb Au
Pt Tl Pb Th Hg Bi As
6
Lothar Meyer
In 1870, Lothar Meyer tried to list the elements with
regard to physical properties, namely the volume of
atoms. Lothar Meyer graphs the volume of
elemental atoms to their atomic mass.
7
Mendeleev
Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev in 1869 in Russia suggested the
STATE between elemental mass and elemental properties
8
P e r i o d i c Ta b l e M e n d e l e e v
Periode Gol I Gol II Gol III Gol IV Gol V Gol VI Gol VII Gol VIII
1 H 1
2 Li 7 Be 9,4 B 11 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19
3 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27,3 Si 28 P 31 S 32 C 35,5
Fe 56, Co 59,
4 K 39 Ca 40 -(44) Ti 48 V 51 Cr 52 Mn 55
Ni 59, Cu 63
5 Cu 63 Zn 65 -(68) - (72) As 75 Se 78 Br 80
Ru 104, Rh
6 Rb 86 Sr 87 -Yt (88) Zr 90 Nb 94 Mo 96 - (100) 104, Pd 106,
Ag 108
7 Ag 108 Cd 112 In 115 Sn 118 Sb 122 Te 125 I 127
8 Cs 133 Ba 137 - Di 138 - Ce 140 - - - -
9 - - - - - - -
Os 195, Ir
10 - - -Er 178 - La 180 Ta 182 Ta 182 -
197
Pu 198, Au
11 Au 199 Hg 200 TI 204 Pb 207 Bi 208 Bi 208 -
199
12 - - - Th 231 - - - 9
M O D E R N P E R I O D I C TA B L E
The periodic table of elements used now, namely the Periodic Table of
Modern Elements. There are two systems used in group numbering,
namely the American system and the IUPAC system.
10
C O N T E N T, P E R I O D , A N D R E L AT I V E
MASS
Content
On the periodic table the elements are divided into two,
namely the main group or group A and the transition group
or group B.
Golongan Nama Khusus Unsur-unsur
13
Charateristics Of Elemets
15
There is no suitable place for hydrogen elements in the periodic
table. Hydrogen is placed in the IA group, it should not be thought
that hydrogen is a member of that group.
HYDROGEN
16
GROUP I A
Flame Color of Alkali Metal Elements
K Rb
Trait Li Na Cs
17
GROUP II A
Physical and Chemical Properties Group II A Elements (Alkaline Soil)
Ca Sr
Trait Be Mg Ba
Melting Point (oC) 1278 649 839 769 725
More Reactive
18
GROUP III A
The first member of group IIIA is boron metalloid.
The rest is metal. Baron does not support binary
ionic compounds and is not reactive to oxygen
and air gases. Aluminum become aluminum
oxide, when left in the air. The aluminum element
has an electron configuration of 2, 8, 3. Because
it has 3 valence electrons, aluminum can form a
+3 cation.
20
GROUP V
Group VA nitrogen and phosphorus are non-
At room temperature, nitrogen is relatively less
metals, arsenic and antimony are metalloids,
reactive because the bond is strong. However, at
and bismuth is metal
high temperatures netrodene reacts with other
elements such as with oxygen to produce NO.
The nitrogen element has an electron oxygen forms the O2 diatom molecule and its
configuration of 2, 5. allotrope form is ozone (O3).
22
GROUP VII A
Physical and Chemical Properties of Halogen
Elements
The elements that occupy the VII A group are
Trait F Cl Br I At
called halogen elements, which means salt
Melting Point (oC) -220 -101 -7 114 -
forming. Halogen elements are very reactive so
Boiling Point (oC) -188 -35 -59 184 -
that in nature they have never been found in the
Density (g/cm3) 0,0017 0,0032 3,12 4,93 -
state of their atoms, but they form compounds
Electronegativity 4,0 3,0 2,8 2,5 2,2
with various elements and similar elements.
Electron affinity -328 -349 -325 -2,95 270
All the halogen elements are present as (kJ/mol)
diatomic molecules, namely F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2.
Element Less Reactive
F ↓
Cl ↓
Br ↓
I ↓
At ↓
More Reactive
23
GROUP VIII A
All noble gases are present as monatomic species, because the full valence electron
configuration (8 electrons) then the noble gas elements are stable. The stability of these
elements raises the view among scientists that noble gas elements are difficult to form
compounds so that the noble gas gets the inert gas name.
Ionization energy of noble gaseous elements The Physical Properties of Elemental Gas Elements
Ar Kr Xe Rn physical Ar Kr Xe Rn
Noble Gas He Ne He Ne
properties
Density (g/cm3) 0,18 0,90 1,80 3,75 5,80 10,0
Energi ionisasi 237 2088 1527 135 1176 1042
(kJ/mol) 7 6
Boiling Point (oC) -269 -246 -186 -153 -108 -6,2
Melting point (oC) -272 -249 -189 -157 -112 -71
24
Atomic Radius
Getting bigger
Getting smaller
Ionization Energy
Energy Greater
S
M
A
L
L
E
R
Electron Affinity
Greater
S
M
A
L
L
E
R
Electronegativity
Greater
S
M
A
L
L
E
R
Misconceptions of the
Periodic Table
20.30% of students consider
the size of an atom to be
determined by the number of
The true concept of the
protons, the more the number
determinants of atomic size is the
of protons the greater the size
size and radius of an atom
of the atom
determined by the combination of
the nucleus's attraction to electrons
and the repulsive force between
electrons
The correct concept of the 38.35% of students assume that
influence of temperature is that due to heating, the atom gets
temperature only affects the
additional heat and expands
distance between particles
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