MATTER

WHAT IS MATTER MADE OF?

• Matter is made up of very small particles.
• Particle- a word use to describe small piece of
matter.
 PARTICULATE
NATURE OF
MATTER THEORY

All matter is made

up of particles.

Particles of matter
Particles of matter
have spaces
are in motion.
between them.

Adding heat to
matter makes the
particles move
faster.
COMPARISON OF THE
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
GAS
• Gas is matter that
does not have a
definite shape or
volume.
• The particles in gas
are much farther
apart than those in a
liquid or solid.
• Gas particles move at
high speeds in all
directions.
PROPERTIES OF GASES

1. Have no definite
shape and volume.
2. Flow and diffuse
easily.
3. Are compressible.
4. Exert pressure.
LIQUID
• A liquid is matter that
has a definite volume
but no definite shape.
• Liquid takes the
shape of the
container.
• The volume of a
liquid, however, is the
same no matter what
the shape of the
container.
• Particles are further
apart, and can move
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS

1. Have definite
volume but no
definite shape.
2. Flow and diffuse
slowly.
3. Are nearly
compressible.
Surface Tension
• The uneven forces
acting on the particles
on the surface of a
liquid are called
surface tension.
• Surface tension
causes the liquid to
act as if a thin film
were stretched across
its surface.
Viscosity
• Defined as a
resistance of liquid
to flow.
• The viscosity of a
liquid depends on
the strength of the
intermolecular
attraction between
the particles of a
liquid.
Vapor
• Matter that exists in
the gas state but is
generally a liquid or
solid at room
temperature is called
vapor.
• Water, for example, is
a liquid at room
temperature. Thus,
water vapor is the
term for the gas state
of water.
Capillary Action
• Results from the
competition between
cohesive forces
(intermolecular force
between the liquids)
and adhesive forces
(forces between
different substances
like water and glass.
SOLID
• Solids are matter with
a definite shape and
volume.
• The particles are in a
tight, regular pattern.
• The particles are
close together and
vibrate
• A solid does not take
the shape of a
container in which it is
placed.
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

1. Rigid, compact
and incompressible.
2. Have definite
shape and volume.
3. Do not flow.
Crystalline Solids
• They have a well-
defined shape.
• Their particles-
atoms, molecules,
or ions- occur in a
highly ordered
arrangement.
Amorphous Solids

• They are
noncrystalline.
• Do not have
distinct melting
point and are not
arranged in a
regular pattern.
CHANGES IN PHYSICAL STATE
Melting point
• The temperture at which the solid
melts (change into liquid).

Freezing point
• The temperture at which the liquid freezes
or solidifies (change into solid).
Sublimation

• Changes from solid

to gas without
passing through
the liquid state.
Deposition

• A gas changes to
solid without
passing through
the liquid state.
Vaporization

• A change of state
when water turns
into a gas form
when heat is being
applied.
Condensation

• the process by
which water vapor
in the air is
changed into liquid
water.
 ELEMENTS,
COMPOUNDS
AND MIXTURES
 Elements

• Are pure
substances that
cannot be
separated into
simpler
substances by
physical or
chemical means.
Compounds

• Pure substance
made of two or
more different
elements and can
be separated into
smaller
substances by
chemical means.
Mixtures
• Are two or more
substances held
together by physical
forces .
• They do not create a
new substance.
• TYPES OF
MIXTURE:
Homogenous
Mixtures and
Heterogenous
Mixture
Summative No. 1
Part A.
1-3. Draw the particles of
solids, liquids, and gas.
4-5. What are the 2
Classifications of Solids?
Part B.
Identify the phase changes of matter in the
following:

6. solid liquid
7. liquid gas
8. solid gas
9. liquid solid
10. gas liquid
Part C.
Write the symbols of the following elements.

11. Potassium ______________

12. Calcium ______________
13. Chlorine ______________
14. Magnesium ______________
15. Silicon ______________
16. Carbon ______________
17. Sulfur ______________
Part D.
Write the name of the following symbols.
18. Mg ______________
19. Na ______________
20. K ______________
21. H ______________
22. P ______________
23. Ne ______________
24. Cu ______________
25. Sn ______________