An Important Aspect of

Professional Life
 Professional Success
• Updation

• Up - gradation of Knowledge
 Thought
“Three Rules of Work:

Out of clutter find simplicity;

From discord find harmony;
In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.”

Albert Einstein
 Define
• Ability
• Motivation
• Attitude
Research & Report Writing
Campaigning in Class
 Research Area
• Asian Ethics
• South Asian Ethics
• Indian Ethics
• List 10 behaviour that are globally accepted
 Research Areas
Social Asian Context
Nomenclating System
Economic Issues – Euthanasia, Capital Punishment,
Women Empowerment, unemployment,
poverty, illiteracy, Corruption, etc

Professional Happiness Index

Religious Psychological
Political Educational
Recreational Do’s & Don’t
Culture Family System
Festival Behaviour Pattern
Relationship Japanese Companies in Neemrana
Read Literature?
Research Planning
&
Execution
 Meaning Of Research
• Research is Purposeful investigation. It provides
a structure for decision making.

• 3 Parts:
a. The implicit question posed
b. The explicit answer posed
c. Collection, analysis and interpretation of
the information leading from the question
to the answer = Research
 Every Day Life Skills
• Reading
• Listen
• Watching
• Choosing
• Questioning
• Summarizing
• Organising
• Writing
• Presenting
• Reflecting
 THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH IS TO…
• Review or synthesize existing knowledge
• Investigate existing situations or problems
• Provide solutions to problems
• Explore and analyse more general issues
• Construct or create new procedures or
systems
• Explain new phenomenon
• Generate new knowledge
• …or a combination of any of the above!
• Looking

• Observation

Sharing/Publishing/ Exposing your thesis for Acceptance

or Rejection by Other Scholars
Contribution : Incremental to knowledge / debate /
thesis
Photography Engineer to Inform Us timings for
Photography Session
 Define
• Ability
• Motivation
• Attitude
 Positive Attitude
Ability – What you can do

Motivation – What you will do

Attitude – Decides how well you do it

 Differentiate
• Methodology?

• Method?

• Technique?
The term Methodology refers to the overall approaches &
perspectives to the research process as a whole and is concerned
with the following main issues:

•Why you collected certain data

• What data you collected
• Where you collected it
• How you collected it
• How you analysed it

A research Method refers only to the various specific tools or

ways by which data can be collected and analysed
( e.g. a questionnaire; interview; data analysis software etc.).
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

• Surveys • Case Studies

• Experimental Studies • Action Research
• Longitudinal Studies • Ethnography
• Cross-sectional Studies (participant
observation)
• Participative Enquiry
Lets Take Stock : Data
 Identify The Type Of Data
Reports, Theses, Emails, Conference report, Some
Government Publications, Unpublished manuscript
source,

Newspaper, Books, Journals, Internet, Some Govt.

Publications,

Indexes, Abstracts, Catalogues, Encyclopedias,

Dictionary, Bibliography, citation indexes.
 Branding Yourself
Another Important Aspect of Professional’s LIfe

LYM & Branding

Yourself / Your
Initiatives/ Product
 Census / Sampling
• Area Of Study / Universe of Study

• Sample

• Sample Size

• Sample Population
How to Do Research Planning?
1. Research Design
 Research Design
• It is a blue print prepared on the basis of previous
knowledge and experience to make enquiries for
a definite purpose and in a desired direction.

• It is the process of making decisions before the

situation in which the decisions are to be carried
out.

• It covers the entire process of planning and

carrying out of research study.
 Research Designing :Phases
1. Planning Phase

- Identification, Selection and Formulation of Research

Problem

- Research Problem and its theoretical framework and

relationship with previous research

- Formulation of hypothesis and definition of concepts

or variables.

- Preparation of Working Guide

 Phase II:
Observation Or Execution Phase
• Design of the inquiry or experiment

• Sampling Procedure

• Tools and Techniques for gathering data

 Phase III
Integrative or Reporting Phase
• Analysis of Result

• Interpretation of Result

• Publication or Reporting of Result

 Research Designing
• Planning Phase

• Research Observation or Execution Phase

• Integrative or Reporting Phase

 In Research Design
• The Researcher makes the decision
- about the unit of analysis
- its size and sample
- space and time Dimension
- Sources of data and instruments of data
collection
- Scheme of analysis, interpretation and
Reporting
 Answer these Questions = Research Design
1. What is the study about.
2. What is the purpose of study? What is its
Scope?
3. What would be the methodology of the
study?
4. What should be the specific nature of the
study
5. What types of data is required. What are the
sources of the needed data
6. What should be the place or area of the
study?
7. What time approximately is required for the
study?
8. What should be the amount of material or
number of cases for the study.
9. What type of sampling should be used ?
10. What method of data collection would be
appropriate?
11.What should be the approximate
expenditure?
12. How will the data be analysed
13. In what style the report will be prepared?
Research Designing
 Research Design : Format
• Subject
• Name of the Supervisor
• Research Area
• Title of project
• Introduction
• Goal/Objective/aim/motive
• Research Approach – Qualitative/Quantitative, Doctrinal/Non-
Doctrinal, Theoretical / Applied
• Research Type - Exploratory , Descriptive, Analytical, Predictive .
• Hypothesis if any
Contd….
• Research Questions
• Universe of Study
• Sample
• Define – Terms, Key, Issues, Context
• Data Source – Primary and Secondary
• Method – Comparative, Analytical, Critical,
Historical, Multidisciplinary, Case Law,
Inductive, Deductive, Case Study,
Survey, Experiment
 Contd….
• Tools – Questionnaire, Interview, armed Chair,
Schedule, Observation, Documentation,
Audio-visual aids, Cameras etc
• Time Duration
• Piloting
• Limitation of Study
• Importance of Study
• Tentative Chapterisation
• Bibliography/ Webliography
• Budget Estimation*
 Research process
• Formulating and Clarifying a topic
• Reviewing the Literature
• Choosing a strategy
• Collecting data
• Analysing data
• Writing up.
 Data …….
• Data Identification
• Data Collection
• Data Management
• Data Processing
• Data Analysis
• Data Interpretation
• Data Reporting
• Data Publishing
Report Writing
 Categories of Report
• Information Oriented
• Decision Oriented
• Research Oriented
 Information Reports
Subject/Object Action Reason
Who What Why
Whom When
Where
How
 Decision Report
• Identify the Problems
• Constructing the Criteria
• Generating and Evaluating the Options
• Making a decision
• Drawing up an action plan
• Working out a contingency plan
 Research Report
• Literature Survey to find gaps in Knowledge.
• Nature and scope of the study, hypothesis to be tested
and significance and Utility of the study
• Methodology for collecting data, conducting the
experiments and analysing the data
• Description and Analysis of the Experiment and data
• Findings
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• Suggestions for further research
• Backup evidence and data
 Parts of a Report
1. Cover Page and Title Page
2. Introductory Pages
(Lower case Roman numerals)
a. Foreword
b. Preface
c. Acknowledgement
d. Table of Contents
e. Lists of Tables and Illustrations
f. Summary
3. Text
a. Headings
b. Quotations
C. Footnotes
d. Exhibits

4. Reference Section
a. Appendices
b. Bibliography
c. Glossary (if required)
 Project Work
1. Literature Review
2. Methodology
3. Data Analysis & Interpretation
4. Conclusion, Suggestions & Recommendations
PRSN
Thought

Never ever give up on your dream/vision/aspiration.

If you encounter failure/difficulty, just do a course

correction and then press on.