GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE HUVINA

HADAGALI

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON
“BIO-MEDICAL WASTE AND ITS DISPOSAL”
Presented by
RAJANIKANTH
2GB16CV409

Under the Guidance of

Mr.KOTRABASAPPA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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 Introduction

 Definition

 WHO Statistics

 BMW Generation

 Categories of BMW

 Bio-medical Waste Management Process

 Disposal Methods

 Conclusions

 References

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 Biomedical waste management has recently emerged as an issue of major
concern not only to hospitals, nursing home authorities but also to the
environment.

 The bio-medical wastes generated from health care units depend upon a
number of factors such as waste management methods, type of health care
units, occupancy of healthcare units, specialization of healthcare units,
ratio of reusable items in use, availability of infrastructure and resources
etc.

 The proper management of biomedical waste has become a worldwide

humanitarian topic today. Although hazards of poor management of
biomedical waste have aroused the concern world over, especially in the
light of its farreaching effects on human, health and the environment.

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 Now it is a well established fact that there are many adverse and harmful
effects to the environment including human beings which are caused by the
“Hospital waste” generated during the patient care.

 Hospital waste is a potential health hazard to the health care workers, public
and flora and fauna of the area.

 The problems of the waste disposal in the hospitals and other health-care
institutions have become issues of increasing concern.

 The various problems related to BMW for human beings are AIDS,
Infectious Hepatitis, Dengue etc due to HIV and Hepatitis B virus,
Typhoid, Cholera, fever due to Salmonella typhi bacteria.

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 According to Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998
of India “Any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities
pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological.

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 World Health Organization states that 85% of hospital wastes are actually
nonhazardous, whereas 10% are infectious and 5% are non-infectious but
they are included in hazardous wastes. About 15% to 35% of Hospital
waste is regulated as infectious waste. This range is dependent on the total
amount of waste generated.

Non-Infectious
waste, 85%

Pathological
and Infectious
waste, 10%

Radioactive, and Chemical and

heavy Pharmaceutical
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metals, 1% waste, 3%
 Sources of Bio-Medical Waste

Major Sources Minor sources

Hospitals Clinics
Labs Dental clinics
Research centres Home care
Animal research Cosmetic clinics
Blood banks Paramedics
Nursing homes Funeral services
Mortuaries Institutions

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 WASTE TREATMENT/
CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE DISPOSAL
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human Incineration /
tissues, organs, body parts) deep burial
Category No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration /
(Animal tissues, organs, body parts, deep burial
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood
and experimental animals used in
research, waste generated by veterinary
hospitals and colleges, discharge from
hospitals, animal houses).
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste Local
(Wastes from laboratory cultures and autoclaving/
research laboratories). microwaving /
Incineration.
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Category No. 4 Waste Sharps Disinfecting (chemical
(Needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, treatment/autoclaving
etc. that may cause puncture and cuts. This /microwaving and
includes both used and unused sharps) shredding.
Category No. 5 Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs Incineration/destructio
(Wastes comprising of outdated, n and drugs disposal in
contaminated and discarded medicines) secured landfills
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste Incineration /
(Items contaminated with body fluids autoclaving /
including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster microwaving
casts, lines, bedding and other materials
contaminated with blood.)
Category No. 7 Solid Waste Disinfecting by
(Waste generated from disposable items chemical
other than the waste sharps such as treatment/autoclaving
intravenous sets, etc.) /microwaving and
shredding

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Category No. 8 Liquid Waste Disinfecting by
(Waste generated from the laboratory chemical
and washing, cleaning, house keeping Treatment and
and disinfecting activities) discharge
into drains
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in
(Ash from incineration of any municipal landfill
biomedical waste)

Category No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical

(Chemicals used in production of treatment and
biological, chemicals used in discharge into
disinfecting, as insecticides, etc.) drains for liquids
and secured
landfill for solids.

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 COLOR WASTE

Yellow Human & Animal anatomical waste / Micro-biology

waste and soiled cotton/dressings/linen/beddings
etc.

Red Tubings, Catheters, IV sets.

Blue / Waste sharps

White ( Needles, Syringes, Scalpels, blades etc. )

Black Discarded medicines/cytotoxic drugs,

Incineration ash, Chemical waste

Contd….
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1. Waste collection

2. Segregation

3. Transportation and storage

4. Treatment & Disposal

5. Transport to final disposal site

6. Final disposal

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 Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external
transportation.

 Internal: It is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags.

 External: It is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic
bags.

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 Incineration: This is a high temperature thermal process employing
combustion of the waste under controlled condition for converting them
into inert material and gases.

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 Autoclave: The autoclave operates on the principle of the standard
pressure cooker. The process involves using steam at high temperatures.
The steam generated at high temperature penetrates waste material and kills
all the micro organism.

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 Microwave: The microwave is based on the principle of generation of high
frequency waves. These waves cause the particles within the waste material
to vibrate, generating heat. This heat generated from within kills all
pathogens.

 Plasma pyrolysis: Plasma pyrolysis is a state-of-the-art technology for safe

disposal of medical waste. It is an environment-friendly technology, which
converts organic waste into commercially useful by-products.

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1. Cleaner and healthier surroundings.

2. Reduction in the incidence of hospital acquired and general infections.

3. Reduction in the cost of infection control within the hospital.

4. Reduction in the possibility of disease and death due to reuse and

repackaging of infectious disposables.

5. Reduction in the cost of waste management and generation of revenue

through appropriate treatment and disposal of waste.

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 Medical wastes should be classified according to their source, typology and
risk factors associated with their handling, storage and ultimate disposal.

 The segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and
recycling should be considered in proper perspectives.

 We need to consider innovative and radical measures to clean up the

hospital waste and slackness in government implementation, as waste
generation particularly biomedical waste imposes increasing direct and
indirect costs on society.

 If we want to protect our environment and health of community we must

sensitize ourselves to this important issue not only in the interest of health
managers but also in the interest of community.
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[1] S.K. Tippat and A.U. Pachkhade., “Survey of Bio-Medical Waste
Disposal System at Amravati city”, International Journal of Chemical and
Physical Sciences, IJCPS Vol. 4, Issue – NCSC Jan-2015.

[2] Karan M Sadhwani1 and P.P. Bhave., ‘Biomedical Waste Generation

and Management at Eluru city of Andhra Pradesh, India, International
Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering , IJARSE, Vol.
No.3, Issue No.11, November 2014.

[3] Savan Sara Mathew and et.al., “Assessment of biomedical waste

management at Ludhiana, India’’, International Advanced Research Journal
in Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 2 July-December
2011.
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THANK YOU