AVAILABILITY, USES AND POLLUTION PROBLEMS

Drinking water
Domestic 94.8% Three municipalities
Public 0.33% San Luis Potosí (70%);
Interapas Sewer Commercial 4.52% Soledad de Graciano Sánchez (26%)
Industrial 0.32% Cerro de San Pedro (1%).
Sanitation
services • Overexploitation 2:1
San Luis Potosí aquifer (average is being extracted double the recharge )
40% of the population of • Concentration of uses
the State • Poor supply and recruitment infrastructure
• Lack of environmental awareness

Dynamics Invasion Location

and the of their Risks of of
kind of possible contamin- extraction
urban areas of ation infrastruct
growth recharge -ure

Under the urban area loses 402.5 m3

SSM 453 m3
(Estrada, 2013) (Moreno, Ávalos, & Segovia, 2012) (López, Ramos, Moran, Cardona, & Hernández, 2013)
 Annual average availability of groundwater from the aquifer in San Luis Potosí (CONAGUA, 2015)

Key Aquifer R DNCOM VCAS VEXTET DAS DÉFICIT

In millions of cubic meters per year
2411 San Luis Potosí 78.1 0.0 153.42 125.6 0.0 -75.32
A: recharge average annual, DNCOM: committed natural discharge, VCAS: concession volume of underground water,
VEXTET: volume of groundwater extraction contained in technical studies, DAS: annual average availability of groundwater.

The demand for water will grow as it will increase the dynamics of
population and economic, if not take technical and administrative
actions in water issues, required water volumes exceeded as
much as are available, and the deficit it will increase

111.89 (m3/day) 133.35 (m3/day)

2000 2010 2020

(CONAGUA, 2015)
The problem of water in the San Luis Valley depend Soil in the areas that capture
can point out in two dimensions: quantity lead, store, provide and renew
(such as availability of water) and quality water resources.

Quality
Controlled by anthropogenic or natural factors
Arsenic
Nitrates
SLP: 58.24%, exceed 0.010 μg-As/L (WHO
Deep aquifer: 11.50 to 27.80 mg/L are estimated due to the guide value) and any well exceed 0.025 mg-As/L
incorporation of fertilizers, waste of stables in the wastewater established by the NOM - 127. In the case of
in the agricultural area to the East of the urban area Soledad García de Sánchez the value is above
0.010 mg-As / L in 25% of wells (7)
Coliforms
Agricultural irrigation with raw wastewater, by the Industrial ando domestic wastewater
conduction of wastewater in channels in open land and the Leached:
leakage of the drainage clandestine garbage dumps and
industrial waste
Flouride
I D
71.43% of the groundwater exceeds established the NOM-
127 in the range, and the 84.62% are greater than Active and potential source
A
established by the WHO
 Domestic and urban
Domestic supply only can be done with water from the deep
• Sector with the highest consumption aquifer, since the quality of the water from the shallow aquifer is
• It requires a constant and supply permanent volume inappropriate for human consumption because of contamination
with coliform, nitrates and some other substances of origin
Excessive Industrial (Stevens, 2012)
increase of
the population Municipality Year 2020
Population Water supply (Mm3)
Types of potentially polluting sources in the urban Cerro de San Pedro 3 875 359 525
area of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí 925 000 85 822 038
Type Activity Solute Soledad Graciano Sánchez 319 231 29 618 438
Urban zone Active Nitrates, TDS
Total 1 248 106 115 800 00
Panteones Potencial Amines, Ca, P

Active/potential F
Mine tailings
• Social inequality
Cl, TDS, N,
• 162 litres per capita per day. Residential
Wastewater discharge Active/potential organics comp.
areas amounts to 370 liters per capita per
day, Popular areas, it is 120 litres per capita
Disposal of solid waste Active/potential Metals
per day
Active/potential Cr, F, As
Geological formations

Potential BETEX
Gas stations
 Industrial
Types of potentially polluting sources in the industrial zone
of San Luis Potosí.

• Government that more flexible installation without a Type Activity Solute

payment of taxes. Disposición de lodos Potenctial Organic comp,
• Lax regulations in the environmental field industriales corrosive,
Metals
Contaminación e Potenctial Metals
30 located in different residuos industriales
companies Terrenos industriales Active/Poten Organic comp,
activos ctial Metals
37 5 controlled by operator 396 Terrenos industriales Potenctial Organic comp,
wells organism companies inactivos Metals
2 administered by Gasolineras Potenctial BETEX
Government of the State.
Encourage and enhance sanitation sewage of
Industrial Minera Mexico, S.A. de C.V. has a concession industry practices and that the same reusen the
title covering four exploitation underground, being the greater amount of treated water
company that has the largest number of them and the
total concession to this company is 1.97 Mm3/year 60 sewage treatment plants: 0.59 m3/s

"consume pays" and "polluter pays"

Inglés

Agriculture
Types of potentially polluting sources in the
agricultural zone of San Luis Potosí.
Located in scattered form in the urban area, they Type Activity Solute
have been fed with wastewater without treatment, Agricultural Active Agrochemicals
from the main channels of the suburbs and the land
receiving bodies of "El Morro" and "Tanque Tenorio" Active dumps Potenctial TDS, Nitrates,
or runways or surface channels major as the "Río organic comp.
Santiago" and the "River Españita" Closed dumps Active/Potenctial TDS, Nitrates,
organic comp
Rivers and Active/Potenctial Cl,TDS, N, Cr
wastewater
channels
It has led to Farms Active/Potenctial Nitrates
Rainwater mixed with
contamination of the Disposal of Active/Potenctial Metals
wastewater
shallow aquifer solid waste
Gas stations Potenctial BETEX
Other sources:
Wastewater treatment plant North and Tenorio
 Main plants of sanitation of San Luis Potosí
Wastewater treatment Treatment plant Capacity L/s Situation
Tangamanga I 150 O
Tangamanga II 40 O
As for municipal waste water
Zona Norte 400 O
treatment plants is 42 plants in Tenorio 1050 C
operation with an installed capacity of El Morro 750 P
2.64 m3/s of which exploit 2.14 m3/s Escalerillas 2.8 O
Puerta real 31 O
Subtotales 2423.8
86% Concesión de planta tratadora de Capacidad de acuerdo al
Domestic aguas residuales diseño de la planta L/s
Industrial Agua tratada del Potosí 105 O
IMMSA 50 O
14% Valle de los Cedros 10 O
Pluvial
CIMA 80 O
Villa antigua 11 O
Club campestre 36 O
subtotal 292
Gran total 1934.8
Urban centers:
• Wastewater: 7.95 km3 (252 m3/s)
• Collected in sewer: 6.40 km3 (203 m3/s) Industrial sector (with annual values):
• Generated: 2.15 million tons of BOD5 • Wastewater: 5.39 km3 (171 m3/s)
• Collected in sewer: 1.73 million tons of BOD5 • Generated: 6.30 million tons of BOD5
• Removed : 0.33 mill tons of BOD5 ones • Removed in the treatment systems: 1.10 million tons of BOD5
 Referencias

• CONAGUA. (2015). Actualización de la disponiblidad media anual de agua en el acuífero de San Luis Potosí (2411), San Luis Potosí. Obtenido de
https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/104276/DR_2411.pdf

• CONAGUA. (2018). Estadísitcas del Agua en México. Obtenido de https://files.conagua.gob.mx/conagua/publicaciones/Publicaciones/EAM2018.pdf

• Dohvehnain, C. (22 de Marzo de 2018). El futuro del agua en San Luis Potosí. Obtenido de http://conacytprensa.mx/index.php/ciencia/ambiente/20896-el-
futuro-del-agua-san-luis-potosi

• Estrada, F. (2013). El Agua de San Luis Potosí, contaminación y saneamiento. UASLP, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinara. Obtenido de
http://ninive.uaslp.mx/jspui/bitstream/i/3456/1/IAZ1AGU01301.pdf

• Guevara, V. (2007). Distribución espacial y abastecimiento del agua para el uso humano, en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí:
problemática, implicaciones y alternativas. UASLP, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Ingeniería y Medicina. Obtenido de
http://ninive.uaslp.mx/jspui/bitstream/i/1796/3/MCA1DEA00701.pdf

• Interapas. (2013). Gestión del agua en la zona metropolitana de San Luis Potosí, Cerro de San Pedro y Soledad de Graciano Sánchez 2013. San Luis Potosí:
Héctor Eduardo García Castillo. Obtenido de http://www.interapas.mx/files/gestion_agua/GESTION_DEL_AGUA_2013.pdf

• Interapas. (2015). Reporte anual 2015. ALFREDO ZÚÑIGA HERVERTH. Obtenido de

http://www.interapas.mx/files/transparencia/art19_IX/informes/Art_19_IX_Informe_Anual_2015.pdf

• López, B., Ramos, J., Moran, J., Cardona, A., & Hernández, G. (2013). Origen de la calidad del agua del acuífero colgado y su relación con los cambios de uso
de suelo en el Valle de San Luis Potosí. Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex vol.65 no.1.

• Moreno, A., Ávalos, J., & Segovia, O. (2012). Análisis de la oferta del agua. Caso: San Luis Potosí (1992-2012). Obtenido de
http://evirtual.uaslp.mx/Ambiental/PyGAmbiental/Productos/DS%20-%20PyGA%20-Trabajo%20Integrador%20-%20OCSS.pdf

• Stevens, G. (2012). La vulnerabilidad hídrica en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Un análisis espacial. Revista de El Colegio de San Luis • Nueva época año II,
número 4. Obtenido de http://132.248.9.34/hevila/RevistadeelColegiodeSanLuis/2012/no4/5.pdf