Group 10:

ESTER KRISTINA MANALU (15120237)

EVELINA PANE (15120236)
MURINI MAGDALENA NAPITUPULU (15120206)
 Speaking

Speaking is an act of making vocal

sounds. We can say that speaking
means to converse, or expressing one's
thoughts and feelings in spoken
language.

 According to Widdowson (2001: 58) actions speak

generally communicate through interaction in the
show with a face - the face and occurs as part of a
dialogue or a form of verbal exchange.

 Speaking involves interaction with one or more

participants (Harmer, 2001:271).
 Approach
According to Tribble (1996:37)
the process approach
emphasizes the cycle speaking
activities that guide students
from generate ideas and collect
data until complete the draft
(Tribble, 1996: 37)
According to Ghaith (2002)
Process approach tends to
be student-centered and
focuses more on the process
than the product and
process approach
emphasizes on the process
the students do in speaking
by using techniques such as
brainstorming, exploring
ideas, peer editing, and
speakin.
  Discussions
After a content-based lesson, a discussion can be held
for various reasons. The students may aim to arrive at a
conclusion, share ideas about an event, or find solutions in
their discussion groups.
 Role Play
One other way of getting students to speak is role-
playing. Students pretend they are in various social
contexts and have a variety of social roles.
 Information Gap
In this activity, students are supposed to be working in
Approach in pairs. One student will have the information that other
teaching partner does not have and the partners will share their
information. Information gap activities serve many
speaking purposes such as solving a problem or collecting
information.
 Storytelling
Students can briefly summarize a tale or story they
heard from somebody beforehand, or they may create their
own stories to tell their classmates. Story telling fosters
creative thinking.
 Reporting
Before coming to class, students are asked to read a
newspaper or magazine and, in class, they report to their
friends what they find as the most interesting news.
 Method

According Djamarah ( 2000), " According (Pius

The method is a way of field trips According Partanto and M.
to the procurement of teaching
materials to the children by (Djajasudarma) Dahlan Barry)
bringing them directly to the Method is an orderly Method is an
objects contained in the was and thinks well to orderly and
environment outside the
classroom or in real life , so that
achieve a specific systematic way of
they can observe or experience purpose. carrying out an
directly . activity.
 Method In Teaching Speaking

Manner to implement the appropriate

methods which help the students to
increase their speaking skill.

Grammar Communicative PPP (Presentation,

Translation Audio-lingual Approach Practice, and
Method Method Production)
 Technique

According to Joanna
According to
Baker and Heatcher According to A.
Kathleen M.Bailey,
Westrup, technique is J.Hoge, technique
technique is a
skill and ability in an as a survey method
particular method of
artistic, sporting or of research and
doing an activity
other practical activity examples of its use
ussualy a method that
that you develop are described.
involves practical
through training and
skills.
practice.
 1) Speaking guided 2) Speak semi-guided 3) Speak freely

Technique In Teaching
Speaking

• Reproduction of stories • Discussion

• Paragraph unit
• Chain stories • Drama
• Dialogue
• Compile sentences in • Interview
• Poetry reading
conversation • Speech

Strategies
According to Joanna Baker
According to Kathleen
M. Balley, strategy is and Heatcher Westrup,
strategy about determining
about giving an
organization purpose and how an organizations will
match its diverse
direction.
capabilities with the needs
of stakeholders, now and in
the future (in order to
maximize impact)
According to
A.J.HOGE, An
organizations strategy
will determine how it
relates to the outside
world – how it makes
the most of
opportunities, responds
to change and faces up
to threats: opportunities
to innovative,
improvise and improve.
 Strategies in
Teaching Speaking

Pair Work Preparation

Plus Role Plays Warm up Tasks for
Feedback Homework
 Model
According to
Collins, model of an
objects is a physical
representation that
shows what it looks
like or how it works.
The model is often
smaller than the
object it represent.
According to Joyce and
Marsha Weil’s (1980)
Model is a plan or
pattern that can be used
to shape curricula. To
design instructional
materials and to guide
instruction in the
classroom and other
things.
Models in Teaching Speaking
A basic model of human communication is one of the first topics that most
communication teachers start with in any class.
 Setting and Scene
Setting refers to the time and place of a speech act and, in general, to the physical
circumstances" (Hymes 55).The living room in the grandparents' home might be a setting
for a family story.
 Norms
Social rules governing the event and the participants' actions and reaction. In a playful
story by the aunt, the norms might allow many audience interruptions and collaboration,
 Genre
The kind of speech act or event; for our course, the kind of story. The aunt might tell
a character anecdote about the grandmother for entertainment, but an exemplum as moral
instruction.
 Key
Cues that establish the "tone, manner, or spirit" of the speech act (Hymes 57). The
aunt might imitate the grandmother's voice and gestures in a playful way, or she might
address the group in a serious voice emphasing the sincerity and respect of the praise the
story expresses.
 Media

According to gerlach and

ely in bakri (2011:3) According to Arsyad
According to (2009:4) is a media
nurrochim (2013:17- divide teaching media in
wide meaning and narrow that bring
18) Stated that instructional purpose
medium as a meaning. Media in wide
meaning is a people, of massages or
mediator that information of
delivers information material or event which
can create condition so learning. Media in
between sender and means ofexpressing
receiver. that students can get new
knowledge skill or message and
attitude. information.
 Media in Teaching Speaking

Audio-Visual Speaking Sub Micro-Skills Macro-Skills

Media Skills