INTRODUCTION TO OP AMPS

ENGR. CYNTHIA V. PLAZA

CEA FACULTY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completing this introductory chapter on op amps,
you will be able to:
1. Understand why analog circuitry is using op amps is still
required in computer-based systems.
2. Draw the circuit symbol for a general-purpose op amp such
as the 741 and show the pin numbers for each terminal.
3. Name and identify at least three types of package styles
that house a general-purpose op amp
4. Correctly place an order for an op amp
5. Identify the pins of an op amp from the top or bottom view.
6. Identify the power supply common on a circuit schematic,
and state why you must do so
7. Breadboard an op amp circuit.
Introduction
• One of the most versatile and widely used electronic
devices in linear applications.
• Allow designers to build useful circuits without
needing to know about their complex internal
circuitry.
• Operational amplifiers originally stood for
mathematical operations.
Is there still a need for analog circuitry
 Analog and Digital Systems
 Op Amp Development
 Op Amps Become Specialized
Analog and Digital Systems
• The more digital systems are created for data
acquisition and process control, the more
interface circuits using op-amps and other
linear integrated circuits are also required.
• The integrated systems now require designers
to understand the principles of both the
analog and the digital world in order to obtain
the best performance of a system at a
reasonable cost.
Typical data acquisition block diagram
Op Amp Development
• Op amps are designed a wide variety of
fabrication techniques.
• Op amps are designed with bipolar inputs and
complementary MOS outputs.
• Op amps provide faster and have a higher
frequency response than the general-purpose
op amps.
• Manufacturers have also designed dual (2) and
quad (4) op amp package.
Op Amps Become Specialized
• Special function ICs that contain more than a single op amp
were then developed to perform complex functions
– Higher current and/or high voltage capability
– Sonar send/receive modules
– Multiplexed amplifiers
– Programmable gain amplifiers
– Automotive instrumentation and control
– Communication ICs
– Radio/audio/video ICs
– Electrometer ICs for very high input impedance circuits
– ICs that operate from a single supply
– ICs that operate from rail to rail
GENERAL PURPOSE OP AMP
• Circuit Symbol and Terminals
GENERAL PURPOSE OP AMP
• PIN (part identification number) – refers to a
particular op amp with specific characteristics.
• PIN is placed beside the reference designator
• All op amps have at least five terminals
– (1) the positive power supply terminal, +V, pin 7
– (2) the negative power supply terminal, -V, pin 4
– (3) output pin 6
– (4) the inverting (-) input terminal at pin 2
– (5) the noninverting (+) input terminal at pin 3
• The pins illustrated refers to the 8-pin mini-DIP case
Simplified Internal Circuitry of a General Purpose Op
Amp
Simplified Internal Circuitry of a General Purpose Op
Amp
GENERAL PURPOSE OP AMP
• Input Stage – Differential Amplifier
– High input impedance, very large voltage gain
– Ed is amplified at this stage and appears as the output voltage Vl
• Intermediate Stage – Level Shifter
– VI at the output of the differential amplifier is directly coupled to
the input of the intermediate level shifter
– Functions: (1) it shifts dc voltage level at the output of the
differential amplifier to a value required to bias the output
stage; (2) this stage allows input signal VI to pass nearly
unaltered and become the input signal V2 for the output stage
• Output Stage – Push Pull
– Signal voltage V2 is coupled directly into the output stage
– Most common output stage is a pnp-npn push pull transistor
configuration
– Very low output resistance, RL develop output stage VO
PACKAGING AND PINOUTS
• PACKAGING
• COMBINING SYMBOL AND PINOUT
HOW TO IDENTIFY OR ORDER AN OP AMP
HOW TO IDENTIFY OR ORDER AN OP AMP