Extrusion and

Drawing

Manufacturing
Processes
 Outline

Extrusion
Extrusion of Metals
Extrusion Defects
Extrusion Equipment
Extrusion of Nonmetals
Drawing
Drawing Process
Drawing Equipment
 Extrusion

A compression process in which

the material is forced to flow
through an opening to produce
a shape with a specific cross-
section

input

die
product

pump
Examples of Extruded
Parts
 Extrusion

Metals

Nonmetals
 Metal Extrusion

Direct Extrusion
A ram compresses the
material, forcing it through the
die

Indirect Extrusion
The die is mounted on the ram;
the material is forced out in the
opposite direction of the ram
movement
Direct Extrusion
Indirect Extrusion
Extrusion
Extrusion
Metal Flow
 Example of an
Extrusion Machine
Extrusion
 Extrusion

Hot Extrusion
Involves pre-heating the
material above the
recrystallization temperature to
increase ductility

Cold Extrusion
Does not pre-heat material;
used to produce parts in
finished or near-finished form
 Extrusion

Cold extrusion advantages:

- Improved mechanical
properties from work-hardening
- Good control of dimensional
tolerances
- Improved surface finish (no
oxide film)
- No heating required
- Competitive production rates
and costs
 Extruded Metals

Typical extruded metals (hot or

cold)
Aluminum, copper, magnesium,
zinc, tin and alloys of these

Steel alloys are usually extruded

hot; softer steels may be
extruded cold

Others such as titanium and

refractory metals may be
extruded, but with difficulty
 Extruded Metals

Extrusion Temperature Ranges

Lead 200-250 °C
Aluminum and its alloys 375-475 °C
Copper and its alloys 650-975 °C
Steels 875-1300 °C
Refractory alloys 975-2200 °C
Extrusion Defects
Extrusion Dies
Extrusion Dies
Example of an
Extrusion Die
Extrusion of Nonmetals

Materials
rubber
plastic
solvents
candy
glass

Products
window seals
door seals
hose and tubing
wire insulation
candy canes
 Hot Feed and Cold
Feed Extrusion

Ribbon Pellets

Cold Feed Extrusion

Heating/melting

Hot Feed Extrusion

Temperature zones
Extrusion of Nonmetals

Candy Canes
cone rollers
candy
Extrusion of Nonmetals

Window Seals
Cold Feed Extrusion

input

die windup

extruder

takeaway belt

die
Extrusion of Nonmetals
Plastic
Bags

extruder
die

air

cutting
and
sealing
Example of a Dual
Extruded Product
 Dual Extrusion
Opposed Head

extruder extruder

die

Piggy Back

die

extruder

extruder
Dual Extrusion – White
Side Wall
Black rubber die White rubber die

Exit die
 Wire, Tube, Bar, Rod
Drawing

Extrusion pushes the material

through the die; drawing pulls
the material through the die
 Drawing

Products
electrical wire
cable
wire stock for fences, hangers,
shopping carts etc.
rod stock for nails, screws,
rivets, springs etc.
metal bars
 Drawing Process

Advantages:
- Close dimensional control
- Good surface finish
- Improved strength and hardness
- Adaptability to mass production
Drawing of a Wire
Drawing
 Drawing

Preparation of the work material:

1. Annealing
2. Cleaning
3. Pointing
Single and Multi Stage
Drawing
 Gold
Gold is the most ductile metal
that exists.

4 pounds of gold can be drawn

into a wire that stretches
across the country.
Tube and Bar Drawing
Draw Bench Production
Process
 Summary

Extrusion and drawing provide

ways to form shapes with
uniform cross sections at high
production rates