GREECE

BY PRISILIA ANGELINA TANWIL

 HISTORY
The term "Ancient Greece" to areas where the use
of the Greek language in Antiquity. Its territory is not
confined to the peninsula of modern Greece, but also
including other areas are inhabited by Greeks.
By most historians, this civilization is considered
the foundation stone for Western Civilization.
Greece has a history stretching back more than
5,000 years. Nation, called Hellenes, once inhabited most
of the Black Sea region (Efxinos Pontos) and the
Mediterranean exploring the surrounding area, preparing
his state, making covenants commercial, and explore the
outside world, from the Caucasus to the Atlantic and
from Scandinavia to Ethiopia.
 During the period of Classical (5th century BC),
Greece consists of the regions of small and large in a
variety of forms. The most popular region is Athens,
Sparta, and Thebes.

WARS
• The war between Greek and Persian (490 BC- 480 BC).
This war successfully won by the Greek nation.
• Peloponnesos War between Sparta and Athens (431 BC–
404 BC). This war won by Sparta.
• The war between Greek and Macedonia Kingdom. This
war won by Macedonia Kingdom.
 In the year 146 BC, Greece fell to the Romans. In
330, the state capital of Roman standing new area, New
Rome or Constantinople, a popular form, a name to
commemorate the Roman Emperor, at that time,
Konstantin Khloros (Constantine the Great). Historians
since the 19th century preferred, for reasons of
reference, named recently as the Byzantine period with
the aim to distinguish the year 2203 Roman territory
into two periods. During the second period the world
of classical Greek culture of Ancient Greece turned into
the modern world and Christian Western society.
 The Byzantine Empire fell to the Turks in
1453 and the Greeks remained under the
Ottoman yoke for nearly 400 years. On March
25, 1821, the Greeks revolted again, this time
successfully, and in 1828, they won their
independence. On 25 March 1821 set as the
Greek independence day . As an independent
state , the Greek began to liberate the occupied
towns.
 GEOGRAPHY
The layout of the Greek state LU 35˚ - 41˚ and
20˚ LU BT - BT 28˚. Greek state bordering with
Countries Albania, Bulgaria, and the Republic of
Macedonia in the north, with Mediterranean Sea in
the south, with Ionian Sea in the west, and with
Turkey and the Aegean Sea in the east.
Greek state has land area about 131.958 square
kilometers and water area about 1.144 square
kilometers.
 The main river in Greece is Aliakmon river
empties into the bay Termai. The lake in Greece
called the Sea Carla. Mountains contained in
Greek State is Pindus Mountains with the
highest peak Mount Olympus (2.917 m). Greek
state has 4 gulfs, they are Patrai, argolis, termai,
and Khania. The sea that contained in Greece
are Ionia Sea, Central Sea, and Aegean Sea.
Greece has more than 1.400 islands and only
227 are inhabited. Greece's largest island is the
island of Crete 8,260 square kilometers. And the
capital of Greek is Athens.
 POPULATION
Greece is the ancestor of the Indo-Europeans
who go to Greece around 1900 BC. Approximately
98% of people in Greece are ethnic Greeks. Other
minority groups are ethnic Albanians, Macedonia,
Turkey, Bulgaria, Armenia, and Gypsy.
Now the population of Greece is more than
10 million people. There are an estimated 16.5
million tourists visit Greece each year, more than
the entire population of the country.
More than 40% of the population live in the
capital, Athens (Athina in Greek)
 GOVERMENT
• Ancient Greek
Most cities in Greece initially apply the monarchy, then
alternating oligarchy, and tyranny, and democracy.
Between 2000 BC and 1200 BC, all the Greek city states
seem to apply monarchy headed by the king.
• Modern Greek
Goverment in Greece at the modern era is a monarchy
or empire. The monarchy was abolished in 1973. A
republic was formally established under the new
constitution, which came into force in 1975. In republic
system, the head of state is a president, while the prime
minister to lead the government.
Additional:
• Greek national anthem is Ýmnos is tin
Eleftherían (Hymn of freedom).
• Flag of Greece consists of nine horizontal
stripes of blue and white, and some scholars
have expressed the ninth line motto
"Eleftheria i Thanatos" or "Freedom or
Death". The blue represents the sea and sky
Greece, while white represents sanctity of the
struggle for independence. In the upper left
corner there is the symbol of the Greek
Orthodox cross.
 ECONOMICS
• Greece has a capitalist economy with a mix of public sector
accounts for about half of Gross Domestic Product . Tourism has an
important role, providing a large portion of GDP and income from
foreign currency exchange. Greece is also the world leader in the
ownership of the ship's first and third in the registration flag.
Exports of manufactured goods, including telecommunications,
software and hardware, groceries, and fuel a big part of Greek
income.
• Major agricultural products are wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton.
Products and industries are food processing, tobacco, textiles,
chemical goods, metal products. Main exports are tobacco,
minerals, fruits, and textiles. Main import are equipment and
automotive engine oil and oil products finished goods for
consumption, chemicals meat and live animals.
• The country has a high standard of living, ranks
24th in the Human Development Index in 2005
and 22nd in the 2005 World Quality of Life Index
version of The Economist .
• The income per capita on average in 2004 an
estimated US $ 22,000.
• Forecasts economic growth of around 4-4.5% in
2004
• Bank of Greece, now a subsidiary of the European
Central Bank, serves as the nation's central bank.
This bank is not the same as the National Bank of
Greece, a commercial bank. Greek Currency is
Euro (EUR). But, currency before 2001 was
drachma.
• But now day, Greece was totally broke and
became the first developed country that
otherwise could not pay the debt or default.
• Without new rescue measures, economic
collapse is likely to occur: the banks ran out of
money, senior citizens pension money forfeited,
the unemployment rate - which is already very
high up to 25% - will worsen.
• There is debate about the onset of the crisis in
Greece. But certainly, like many other European
countries, Greece is not really in a crisis until the
global economic melt down or sluggishness in
2007 and 2008 followed by the world financial
crisis.
 NATURAL RESOURCES
• Greece has limited natural resources. Only about
one-fifth of its land is suitable for agriculture.
• The main mineral bauxite (aluminum ore), lignite
(low-grade brown coal), magnesite, and
petroleum. Other minerals commercially
important are marble (about 7 % in the world)
and limestone.
• Greece has the richest diversity of fauna in
Europe, consisting of 116 species of mammals, 18
amphibians, 59 reptiles, 240 birds and 107 fish.
About half of endemic mammal species
threatened with death.
 CULTURE
• The Greeks dressed European model. Beautiful
traditional dress, which vary from one district to
another. The traditional clothes still worn in celebration
of the festival wine festival or orange, sometimes at
the village dance party. One of the traditional clothing
still used until now is Evzones -Clothing presidential
guard uniforms.
• Some traditional celebration in Greece are Name Day
celebrations, Engagement, Wedding, Baptism, Carnival,
Easter Day, Greek Independence Day, Daidala,
Panathenaia, Thalisia, and Bakkhanalia or Dionisia.
• Language Modern Greek language grew from
classical Greek. Modern language has two forms: a
pure form, called Katharevousa, used primarily in
writing. For their spoken language, the Greeks used
daily form called demotic.
• Religion Ancient Greek people was believe to many
Gods (polyteism). But now day, almost all Greeks
embraced the Greek Orthodox Church.
• Education Public education in Greece is free, and all
children must attend school for at least nine years.
School begins at age 6 years.
• Family life Family plays an important role in the
life of the Greeks. Strong family ties and extends
from the immediate family to include distant
kinship. Greece has a strict sense of honor, and
success or failure of a family member reflected
on the whole family.
• Transportation Because Greece mountainous,
there are still parts of the country was accessible
only by donkey or mule. Falsoor far traveling,
they used air plane and ship.
• Sport Greek nasional sport is football. In Greek,
there is celebration and sport event called
Olympic Games that held every 4 years.
 TOURIST ATTRACTION
• Meganissi
• Spetses
• Alonissos

karia
• Ikaria
• Symi
 TEMPLES
• Erecteum

• Temple of Apollo Epicurius

• Doric Temple of Segesta

• Paestum
• Temple of Hephaestus

• Valley of the Temples

• Parthenon, Acropolis

• Temple of Olympian Zeus

• Temple of Poseidon, Sounion

• Temple of Zeus, Cyrene

• Temple of Artemis, Ephesus
 PHILOSOPHERS
• Socrates
Plato Aristotle
Hypocrates Pythagoras
Thucydides Archimedes
Thales Democritus
Euclid Herodotus
 TYPICAL FOOD
Greek salad Souvlaki
The pita bread Feta cheese
Tzaziki
Moussaka Kourabiedes
 GODS OF GREECE
Zeus Hera
Poseidon Ares
Hermes Hephaestus
Aphrodite Athena
Apollo Artemis
Demeter Hestia