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Thermodynamic systems
Isolated
System Open
System
Closed
System
Closed system
No exchange of energy or matter
Surrounding
Closed
System
Isolated system
Exchange of energy but not matter
Surrounding
Energy
Isolated
System
Open system
Exchange of both energy and matter
Surrounding
Energy & Matter
Open
System
Biological systems
from thermodynamic point of view
Molecularity of a Reaction
2A + B → C
ln rate n ln concentration
“A zero-order
reaction is one in
ln (rate)
ln rate n ln concentration
1 reaction is directly
proportional to
concentration.”
ln (conc.)
Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
n = reaction order usually an
Rate (Concentration ) n integer (e.g. 0, 1, 2)
ln rate n ln concentration
2nd order
n =2
“A second-order
2
reaction is one in
1
which the rate of
ln (rate)
reaction is directly
proportional to the
square of the
concentration.”
ln (conc.)
Order of Biological Reactions
Metabolism
A+B C+D
G = G° + ln [C][D] / [A][B]
What does Gibb’s free energy tell us?
High energy compounds like ATP, GTP and many others are
extremely useful as they can pull energetically unfavourable
reactions