Energy management

Why do we need energy

management?
 Energy today
• Most of the energy we use today comes
from fossil fuels: coal, oil, gas
• Coal, oil, and natural gas are all fossil
fuels created several millions of years
before by the decay of plants and animals
• Run out some time in the future
• Pollution, green house gas emission
Energy consumption- sustainability
problem
 Energy consumption
• 3500 - 4000 BC sailing ship, windmills, hydro
watermills, woods – renewables
• Industrial revolution – technology based on fossil
fuel
• Population growth 3.2 times 1850-1970, energy
use fold 20 times.
• 10000 million ton of oil equivalent (mtoe) 90%
energy come from fossil.
• In 2005 world primary energy increased by
2,7%.
 Energy use
• World Population in
• 2000 around 6 Million; 1,7 toe/person
• 2025 around 8 million.

• Developed countries 6x developing countries in

energy consumption, but 1/3 of population
 Future trends
• World energy demand in 2020 nearly
600000 PJ(14400 Mtoe)
• IEA prediction 13% projected growth next
two decade will be served by renewable
energy
• Emission CO2 39% from 1990 to 2010,
and 66% to 2020
• Kyoto protocol commits to reduce CO2 at
least 5%
 Future trends
• Oil consumption will decline after 2030.
• Natural gas will take over.
• Coal with gasification technology will be
more economic.
 VISION 2050
• Rapid increase of renewable energy use
combine with strong increase in energy
efficiency
• Demand for fossil and nuclear will
decrease
• Middle 21st century 60% world electricity
use renewable energy.
• 2050 no more fossil fuel, 2020 no more
nuclear.
 Vision 2050
• Combination on large increase on
renewable energy use with increase in
energy efficiency equipment fold 2- 7
times
• Energy efficient based on proven efficient
electric appliances, houses with passive
heating and cooling, transportation on
electricity and hydrogen.
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RESERVES of FOSSIL FUELS
• 1973 fuel crisis USA major oil exporter
become oil importer
• Ratio world’s fossil resource :
 Reserve/production ratio
• Nuclear also depleted next 60 years
• Western europe reserve/production for 10
years
• North america 25 years
• Middle east 100 years
• Middle east has 60% world reserves.
• saudi arabia has 25% of it
 oil
• 807 billion barrels has been extracted.
• 995 billion barrels the rest
• In 2040 some where between 2010 and
2025 oil will decline.
.
 Natural gas
• Soviet union has 40% reserves, 40%
OPEC region.
• 1970 850 billion cu.m, today almost 2000
cu.m increase 2.3%/year
 coal
• 2005 consume rising by 5%/year, china by
11%
• More pollution compare to oil and gas.
More sulfur, CO2, etc.
 Nuclear?
• Like the fossil fuels, uranium is also
one of the depletable natural resources.
If uranium is only used in a once-
through cycle where it is burned in a
reactor only once and disposed as a
waste thereafter, confirmed reserves
are destined to be depleted in the next
60 years
 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT ON
ENERGY USE
• Climate change
• GHG effect, CO2 and CH4
• Global warming at the rate 0.3 deg Celcius
per decade
• Trees absorb CO2 when they grow. When
they cut and burned, they release the
CO2.
• CH4 release from natural gas, animal
dung. Pollution effect 3x CO2
 CO2 pollution
• Each year, the equivalent of approx. 10 000
million tons of coal is consumed on earth as
energy.
• About 40 % from this is based on oil and
together with coal and natural gas.
• More than 90 % of the total energy consumption
result from carbon atoms in these fossil fuels.
The consequence will be a global warming
(greenhouse effect) and the lack of resources in
the future.
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• The majority of scientists now believe that global
warming is taking place, at a rate of around 0,3
deg. C per decade
.
• and that it is caused by increases in the
concentration of so-called “greenhouse gases”
in the atmosphere.
• The most important single component of these
greenhouse gas emissions is carbon dioxide
(CO2).
• The major source of emissions of CO2 are
power plants, automobiles, and industry.
Combustion of fossil fuels contributes around 80
percent to total world-wide anthropogenic CO2
emissions.
 How global warming works
• Since the industrial revolution, humans have been
adding huge quantities of greenhouse gases, especially
carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere.
• More greenhouse gases means that more heat is
trapped, which causes global warming. By burning coal,
oil and natural gas increases atmospheric concentrations
of these gases.
• Over the past century, increases in industry,
transportation, and electricity production have increased
gas concentrations in the atmosphere faster than natural
processes can remove them leading to human-caused
warming of the globe
 evidence
• The global average temperature has increased
by about 0.5 deg. C and sea level has risen by
about 30 centimetres in the past century. 1998
was the hottest year since accurate records
began in the 1840s, and ten of the hottest years
have occurred during the last 15 years.
• There has been a 50 percent reduction in
glacier ice in the European Alps since 1900.
Alaska’s Columbia Glacier has retreated more
than 12 kilometres in the last 16 years while
temperatures there have increased
.
 FUTURE IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Seas level will rise. Rising sea level will erode beaches
and coastal wetlands destroying essential habitat and
leaving coastal areas more prone to flooding. Just a 50
centimetres sea level rise would double the global
population at risk from storm surges.
• Food crop yields will be affected. A warmer climate will
increase irrigation demands and the range of certain
pests, but it will also extend the growing season for
some areas. While some countries will find their food
production increases with a warmer climate, the poorest
countries that are already subject to hunger are likely to
suffer significant decreases in food production.
• More people will die from heat stress. Severe
heat waves like the one. that killed hundreds of
people in Chicago in 1995 will become more
frequent. Children and the elderly are most
vulnerable to heat stress.
• Tropical diseases will spread. Infectious
diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever,
encephalitis, and cholera that are spread by
mosquitoes and other disease-carrying
organisms which thrive in warmer climates will
be able to advance into new areas. This will lead
to more incidents like malaria outbreaks in New
Jersey and Dengue fever in Texas.
• The water cycle will be disrupted. As the water cycle
intensifies, some areas will experience more severe
.
droughts, while others will have increased flooding. This
variability will stress areas that are already prone to
water quality and quantity problems.
• Endangered species will suffer. Some of the most
vulnerable plants, animals, and ecosystems will suffer
major changes. Ten species at high risk from global
warming are: Giant Panda, Polar Bear, Indian Tiger,
Reindeer, Beluga Whale, Rockhopper Penguin, Snow
Finch, Harlequin Frog, Monarch Butterfly, and Grizzly
Bear.
• Coral reefs will be harmed. Overheating of ocean waters,
as a result of global warming, can lead to coral
bleaching, which is a breakdown of the complex
biological systems that corals have evolved in order to
survive.
 • ACID RAIN
.

• SO2 (Sulphur dioxide) + NO (Nitrogen

Oxide) + H2O (Water) = Acid rain
• DAMAGE TO TREES AND SOIL
• DESTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS
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