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Asam Amino
Learning Objective
Protein amino-acid residues from Proteins in the body are broken down
normal turnover are recycled to Dietary amino acids that exceed body’s to supply amino acids for catabolism
generate energy and molecular protein synthesis needs are degraded when carbohydrates are in short supply
components (starvation, diabetes mellitus),
Dietary Proteins are Enzymatically Hydrolyzed
• Un-needed glutamine is
processed in intestines,
kidneys and liver
Glutamate can Donate Ammonia
to Pyruvate to Make Alanine
• Two-electron oxidation of
glutamate followed by
hydrolysis
• Net process is oxidative
deamination of glutamate
• Occurs in mitochondrial
matrix in mammals
• Can use either NAD+ or
NADP+ as electron acceptor
Ammonia is Re-captured via Synthesis of
Carbamoyl Phosphate
• Eg. Pyruvate
Carboxylase
Tetrahydrofolate
• Single Carbon Transfers – intermediate oxidation
state – methylene, formyl, …
S-Adenosyl Methionine
• Methyl Transfers
6 Aminon Acids -> Pyruvate