Applications of Social Network

Analysis
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  It is the study patterns of relations, not just relations
between pairs
 Its primary aspect of analysis are attributes of links
Social Network between objects rather than only object attributes

Analysis  It provides quantitative measures to study the

qualitative nature of relationships among individuals
within a social group
Applications
 1. Organizational Issues
2. Recommendation and E-commerce Systems
3. Covert Networks
4. Web Applications
List of
5. Community Welfare
Applications 6. Collaboration Networks
7. Co-Citation Networks
  Team Formation: In large organizations, it is obvious
that two individuals work on similar projects without
realizing it. It is possible to generate the teams of
individuals having similar skills and interest using SNA.

Organizational  Improved information sharing: SNA techniques are

used to discover the sources of information, the
Issues structure of information sharing, and ways to access
available knowledge. The above analysis identifies the
right people in any project according to their area of
expertise.
  Identifying bottlenecks: The bottlenecks such as un-
uniform distribution of workload and resources may
have happened inadvertently but it affects the decision
making and information sharing. Social network
analysis can identify such bottlenecks in a team.
 Hidden barriers: Various hidden barriers to
Organizational knowledge or resource sharing and co-operation affect
the performance of multi-agency system. Hidden
Issues barriers arise because of different race, religion, cast,
age, gender etc..
 Social network analysis has been also used as a tool to
identify such hidden barriers, to understand effect of
these hidden barriers, and help people to plan for simple,
targeted interventions
  Recommendation systems are web services that provide
information about entertainment elements, scientific
papers, books, fashion elements such as clothing etc.
Typically recommendation systems allow users to select
and rate items according their own interest and opinion,
allowing users to create their own list of items according to
their own likes.
Recommendation  One of the important requirements of the recommendation
and E-commerce systems is to discover the users’ interaction patterns by
searching users social network and similar likes and
Systems dislikes.
 SNA in these systems is also useful to investigate the
relationship between different individuals of system to
predict users preference towards a set of items being
published. Therefore, SNA can be used to discover
relationships of users to aid in making recommendations.
  Social Network analysis in recommendation systems
helps to enhance selling by converting browsers into
buyers.
Recommendation  Once a customer benefits from the recommendation
and E-commerce services provided by a particular website then the
Systems customers trust factor increases and switching to other
competing websites decreases over time. This will
greatly improve customer loyalty to that service.
  The SNA makes use of various metrics such as
centrality, cohesiveness, degree of vertex etc. each may
reflect different meaning in recommendation system
analysis.
 Node with high centrality means it has high impact on
other nodes. The vertex similarity may be considered as
Recommendation metric to search the individuals having same interest or

and E-commerce preference.

 Cohesiveness property of network defines a group of

Systems nodes of network bounded with each other by some
relation and may have common characteristics. In the
context of recommendation systems, a group in
transaction network represents the customers having
same interests or preferences.
  The terrorist and criminal networks are good examples
of such networks.
 SNA has been successfully applied to such domains to
understand covert cell operations and their
organization. Combating terrorism is another field
Covert where SNA techniques have important and successful
application.
Networks  SNA has been used to understand the communication
and structure of terrorist cells. SNA is applied on
terrorism database for predicting node and link,
discovering interesting patterns and actors involved in
an event
  Another vital application of SNA for terrorist database is
to predict terrorism activities. Terrorist organizations
have special structures on recruitment, evolution, and
ideas diffusion in network. SNA tools has been used to
identify these organization structures.
 SNA techniques applied to terrorists network varies
Covert from basic measures to complex graph algorithms and

Networks data mining techniques. The basic measures includes

betweenness and degree centrality measures, cohesion
factors, closeness etc.

 In order to measure the location of actors in the

network, various measures such as centrality may give
us insight into the details of actors.
  SNA has been used to solve various security problems
in computer communication system. It has been
successfully employed to detect insider threats and
security violation of email systems. This is done by
collecting and analyzing data from networks logs,
network traffic, file shares and IM (Instant Messaging)
Web logs.

Applications  Researches have been also employed to study the

network of World Wide Web as a social network.

 SNA can be employed to infer the knowledge of web

evolution in advance. By observing and analyzing
current web usages, the evolution of web structure can
be predicted.
  SNA models web as a graph where web pages are
represented as nodes and hyperlinks as edges. Node
similarity based SNA techniques are employed to
Web classify the web

Applications  SNA is also used in search engines such as google to

enhance keyword search quality. Google uses
PageRank as a measure of popularity
  SNA is used to analyze different types of relations such
as communication patterns, physical contacts etc.
 SNA may reveal the patterns of human contact which
may lead to spread of disease such as HIV in population
 Another interesting application is to use SNA to
examine and observe farm animal network to identify
patterns of disease spread from one animal to another.
Community  Social Networks which are made for strengthening
Welfare community resilience against disasters (natural or
human-made) can reveal vulnerabilities within a
network
 Mass surveillance is one of the modern practices
undertaken by some organizations and governments to
monitor the behavior of suspected people of
population. This is done with SNA tools.
  Collaboration network consists groups of persons
working together to perform particular activity
 studying human collaboration is an important topic in
sociology.

 The widely studied collaboration network by

Collaboration researchers in context of SNs are science Co-authorship
collaboration network and movie actor collaboration
Networks networks.
 The co-authorship network is analyzed by various
researchers to study dynamics in patterns of
interactions between educational entities or
communities.
  The structure of research collaboration in various
scientific fields is disclosed by applying SNA methods
to collaboration network of scientists.
 The Co-authorship network analysis also helps to study
and understand the interdisciplinary research which is
key factor for innovation
Collaboration  The required datasets for co-authorship network
Networks analysis is mostly extracted from sources including
scientific journals, bibliographic records and digital
libraries.
 The important SNA measures used for co-authorship
network includes cohesion, network density and
centrality
  In the area of analysis and computation, Co-citation is
used as a measure of similarity between two objects.
 Basic two approaches of co-citation are author co-
Co-Citation citation and document co-citation.
 The Co-citation network can be viewed as a bipartite
Networks graph showing linkage between two different groups of
documents. Basic application of co-citation analysis is to
study the scientific communication
  In the field of methodological evaluation, co-citation
analysis has been employed to search for invisible
colleges
 This reveals the research network consisting of different
institutions linked to each other informally to get
groups of institutes having similar ongoing research.

Co-Citation  SNA has been also studied as an approach to

understand journals importance or prestige. It also
Networks helps to figure out how does any journal influence or
get influenced by the other journals/papers in same or
different discipline
 The node similarity measure is used to find similarity
between two articles or publications.